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Why did the AI agent cross the road?

tdonnel — Mon, 08 Jun 2026 18:31:17 +0000

Why did the AI agent cross the road? tdonnel Mon, 06/08/2026 - 14:31

Workshopping, an iterative process where creators share ideas, test what works, and refine what doesn’t through collective feedback, is at the heart of any writers’ group. This collaborative dynamic inspired 91�� PhD students Shiwei Hong to explore whether artificial intelligence (AI) could benefit from a similar approach.

Hong developed a novel multi-agent system that simulates a collaborative comedy writing environment in which AI agents generate, critique, and refine humorous content together. Her research, recently accepted to the prestigious 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, investigates how structured interaction among AI agents can improve creative output.

Shiwei Hong. Photo provided.

Humor remains challenging for artificial intelligence. “Generating a joke or something that is very funny is actually a very tricky question, because it requires a lot of how humans interpret the generated piece,” said Hong, who is working on a degree in computer science.

She created a “sandbox” environment to mirror real-world creative collaboration, populated by 35 AI agents assigned distinct roles and personalities powered by GPT-4.

“Five agents acted as performers. The rest acted as critics or audience members,” said Hong.

Designing 35 unique agent personas required imagination as well as technical expertise. Drawing on her interest in writing fiction, Hong created characters with varied social and cultural backgrounds, adding depth to the simulated interactions.

In one experimental environment, the performer agents generated two scripts in sequence without feedback; in another, they engaged the audience members in critique and discussion between the rounds of generation. The difference was significant.

Human evaluators compared outputs across multiple criteria, such as humor, coherence, and social tone. In more than 70 percent of cases, evaluators preferred scripts produced in the second round of the discussion-based environment.

The improvement appears to stem from collective learning. As agents interact, they build on shared insights, identifying patterns in audience preferences and refining their outputs accordingly. Technically, this process is supported by a shared conversational memory stored in a vector database, allowing agents to retrieve relevant past exchanges and incorporate them into new content. The result is an iterative, emergent form of creativity that begins to resemble human collaboration.

Looking ahead, Hong and her advisor, Assistant Professor Zhicong Lu, aim to expand the system by incorporating human participants and richer modes of interaction. Future directions include integrating voice, gestures, and immersive technologies such as virtual and augmented reality to better capture the nuances of live performance.

“In real comedy, we have faces, gestures, and real voices,” she said. “We hope to bring more of that into the system.”

By demonstrating that workshopping can significantly enhance machine-generated humor, Hong’s work suggests the future of artificial intelligence may lie not only in more advanced individual models, but also in communities of agents learning, creating, and perhaps even laughing together.

Overview of Multi-Agent Comedy Club. Credit: arXiv (2026). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2602.14770

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George Mason PhD student recognized for blockchain privacy research

Nathan Kahl — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 10:51:19 +0000

George Mason PhD student recognized for blockchain privacy research Nathan Kahl Tue, 06/02/2026 - 06:51

91�� computer science doctoral student Aayush Yadav co-authored a paper that received a Distinguished Paper Award from the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, one of the industry’s premier conferences in the security field. The conference typically accepts around 13 percent of submissions.

Aayush Yadav. Photo provided

The paper addresses a growing challenge in blockchain technology—how to protect sensitive transaction information before it becomes public, focusing on improving privacy protections within blockchain systems while maintaining the transparency and decentralized structure that define the technology.

His research grew out of an internship last summer with Category Labs, a company developing blockchain tools and infrastructure. The work addresses a vulnerability tied to how blockchain transactions are processed before they are officially added to the chain. Traditionally, blockchain transactions are publicly visible before they are finalized. That visibility allows entities responsible for processing transactions to potentially manipulate their order for financial gain.

“These entities can act maliciously in some way,” Yadav said. “Because this information is public, these actors know the direction of the order of the transactions before the rest of the public. And they can take advantage of that.” Consider that if an actor sees that someone is about to make a major purchase or sale, they can quickly place their own trade first, causing the market price to change. The original user then receives a worse price than expected, while the actor profits from the price movement, effectively creating a hidden cost for the user.

The team’s research focuses on encrypting transactions while they are waiting to be processed, helping prevent that kind of exploitation. The goal is to encrypt or hide transactions as they are sent, revealing them later.

The paper introduces new approaches to what researchers call “mempool privacy,” referring to the protection of transaction data before it becomes part of the public blockchain ledger. The work also explores “threshold encryption,” which requires multiple parties to work together to decrypt transaction data, helping eliminate single points of trust or failure.

Yadav, who is completing his PhD in computer science this year, said his interest in theoretical computer science and algorithms started early in his academic career. “I enjoyed the process of solving problems that were algorithmic in nature,” he said. “Thinking about these abstract things, but then also being able to solve them concretely using an algorithm, is very satisfying.”

He chose George Mason in part because of the university’s large computer science faculty and breadth of expertise. After arriving at George Mason in 2021, Yadav took his first cryptography course with Foteini Baldimtsi, an experience that shaped the direction of his research. “It had the right mix of theory and practice. The problems are very theoretical in some sense, and the way you solve them is theoretical, but at the same time they are grounded in real applications.”

“I am very proud of Aayush,” said Baldimtsi. “Throughout his PhD, he has worked on some of the most important challenges in modern cryptography, including signature protocols and privacy-preserving authentication for digital identities, while also focusing on post-quantum security. The award is a well-deserved recognition of his talent, dedication, and impact on the field.”

Later this year he will start a tenured-track faculty position at his alma mater, Rutgers University–Camden.

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The making of a Carter School conflict coach

Paul Snodgrass — Fri, 29 May 2026 13:58:50 +0000

The making of a Carter School conflict coach Paul Snodgrass Fri, 05/29/2026 - 09:58

When the time came to apply to graduate school, Oakley Hill applied to a single program: the master’s in conflict analysis and resolution at the Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution at 91��.

Born and raised in Utah, Hill attended Utah Valley University (UVU) where he majored in integrated studies, focusing on peace and justice and moral philosophy, supplemented with research and critical thinking courses. “From my studies in peace and justice, I knew I wanted to study peace and conflict resolution, and I wanted to be in the D.C. area," said Hill. "I wanted a program that taught practical skills and would help me find a career where I could have a positive, social impact. And the multidisciplinary nature of the program was very appealing.”

Oakley Hill. Photo by Katelyn Smoot.

Hill went on to apply for his PhD at the Carter School after discovering Solon Simmon’s Root Narrative Theory (RNT) during his graduate studies. He knew he wanted to build his career as a researcher around this theory.

"[RNT] helps us understand how people perceive political situations… the specific story they believe themselves to be experiencing,” he said.

For Hill, RNT was more than an abstract, academic tool. “[RNT] helped me understand my own paradigm shifts, such as moving from Mormon to ex-Mormon and from the political right to the left,” he explained.

“I used to think I have ideas, but now I know the ideas have me,” he joked.

In 2024, Hill partnered with Carter School professor Solon Simmons and the Narrative Transformation Lab at the Carter School to employ the first national Justice Languages of America Survey (JLAS). Distributed a week before the presidential election, the survey captured how Americans were thinking about politics just before they voted.

The survey found that, on average, liberals, moderates, and conservatives tended to perceive a distinct political situation. Conservatives tended to perceive a situation where criminals and foreigners threatened the innocent, and the masses coerced citizens, while the state cheated the people. Liberals tended to perceive a situation where the elite divided society, cheated the people, and excluded minorities while the state coerced citizens. Moderates appeared to be self-aware—they scored between conservatives and liberals on almost all JLAS measurements.

Hill also paired the survey with a root narrative analysis of campaign speeches from both presidential candidates. He found that who the candidates are and what they communicated were strongly correlated with how Americans perceive the political situation, and that how they perceived the political situation was strongly correlated with their preferred candidate.

Simmons appreciated Oakley's insights. “His systematic survey of the moral commitments of the great ideologists over the course of modern history is both pathbreaking and eye-opening,” Simmons said. “It has been a pleasure to work with Oakley in the development and application of root narrative theory, an approach that allows us to measure commitments to elementary antagonisms, the philosophical foundations of disagreement.”

While working toward his degree, Hill has been a lab manager for the Mary Hoch Center for Reconciliation and the facilitation coordinator at the Carter School’s Point of View International Retreat and Conference Center (POV), where he has worked since 2021.

Point of View offers many services, including mediation. As the facilitation coordinator, Hill assesses the needs of every client who reaches out to the center in need of mediation. A mediator himself, Hill conducts informal intake interviews to identify the client’s goals and issues, before matching them with an appropriate, experienced mediator.

“Some clients are looking for conflict resolution in a general sense, such as inter- or intra-departmental issues, interpersonal conflict training or restorative justice practices," said Hill. "Other clients are more interested in strategic planning and require a mediator with a relevant background to engage critical thinking.

"[Hill] has proven to be an invaluable asset to Point of View throughout his time at the Carter School. His ability to match clients with the right mediator ensures that each engagement is tailored to the client's unique goals and objectives—and that meaningful resolutions are achieved,” said Jessica Avila-Franco, event and operations manager at Point of View. “Through his work with the facilitation and mediation program here at POV, we have been able to help numerous public- and private-sector clients reach amicable resolutions to their most pressing challenges."

In the past, Hill coordinated with Point of View to provide services to organizations such as Bowie State University, Loudoun County, and Northern Virginia Community College with their facilitation needs. Privately, Hill has worked as a conflict coach for Latter-day Saint and ex-Mormon families, and mediated dialogues for the Washington, D.C., Police.

As he looks ahead, Hill remains grounded in the same motivation that first drew him to the Carter School: a desire to better understand people and help bridge divides. Whether through advancing RNT research or continuing his hands-on work in mediation and conflict coaching, Hill is committed to applying both theory and practice to real-world challenges. By uncovering the stories people believe they are living, he hopes to contribute to more meaningful dialogue—and ultimately, more constructive paths toward resolution.

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April 30, 2026
Meet the Two Carter Undergraduates Who Presented at the 2026 Oxford Consortium for Human Rights in War and Climate Emergency Conference
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George Mason biosciences doctoral student turns setbacks into NIH research opportunity

Katarina Benson — Thu, 14 May 2026 17:13:58 +0000

George Mason biosciences doctoral student turns setbacks into NIH research opportunity Katarina Benson Thu, 05/14/2026 - 13:13

Beginning a PhD is rarely straightforward. Beginning one just as the world shuts down adds an entirely new dimension to adaptability. For 91�� biosciences PhD student Matthew Lefkowitz, that quality would come to define his doctoral journey.

Lefkowitz at the National Institutes of Health. Photo provided

He entered the program in fall 2019 and had only just begun settling into graduate life when the COVID-19 pandemic brought research across the world to a halt. Laboratories closed, projects paused indefinitely, and traditional academic timelines dissolved almost overnight.

Rather than waiting for things to return to normal, he adapted.

With laboratory access limited, Lefkowitz shifted his focus to coursework. Over the next two years, he completed 52 graduate credit hours. As the pandemic continued to disrupt traditional research pathways, George Mason supported him in pursuing external research opportunities.

After months of persistence, he secured a position at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), becoming a pre-doctoral Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) Fellow. There, he worked across two institutes: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).

The experience placed him in a highly interdisciplinary environment that brought together biology, computational science, and translational research—an ideal fit for his background.

“It combined problem-solving with the opportunity to work on challenges where there isn’t already a clear answer. That made it feel like a natural fit for my interests in math and science,” he said.

At the core of his doctoral work is the study of rare neuromuscular disorders, particularly congenital muscular dystrophy. Using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning, Lefkowitz’s research aims to better understand disease mechanisms and improve predictions of clinical outcomes, which is an especially complex challenge in the context of rare disease research.

While his interest in neuromuscular disease is informed, in part, by his own experience living with a rare neuromuscular disorder, he is equally motivated by the broader impact this work could have on improving diagnosis and care for patients facing similar conditions.

“The biggest challenge in the field right now is making sense of very small patient populations, which is often the case with rare diseases. When you’re working with such limited data, it becomes much harder to predict outcomes or draw reliable conclusions from what clinicians are observing.”

Before beginning his doctoral studies at George Mason, Lefkowitz applied to PhD programs nationwide. Despite strong academic credentials and a biomedical engineering degree from Virginia Tech, he faced widespread rejection.

The challenge, he said, stemmed from his training emphasis in mathematics, systems thinking, and problem-solving rather than extended wet-lab experience—skills that are highly valuable in interdisciplinary research.

George Mason saw potential others overlooked.

“Mason didn’t just look at what I hadn’t done,” he said. “They saw the potential of what I could do.”

Since joining George Mason and later gaining experience at the NIH, Lefkowitz said he has grown significantly as both a researcher and an independent scientist.

“I grew in ways I couldn’t have imagined, especially in learning how to advocate for myself,” he said. “You have to take initiative and make those resources work for you. That meant learning to speak up, to position myself in the spaces where science is happening. That experience gave me a level of confidence I didn’t have before.”

Throughout his doctoral journey, mentorship has played a critical role. Lefkowitz credits School of Systems Biology faculty, including Ancha Baranova and Alessandra Luchini, as well as members of his doctoral committee, for providing guidance during pivotal moments.

“The difference was trust. Mason trusted me to figure things out and supported me while I did,” he said. “A PhD doesn’t teach you how to avoid challenges. It teaches you how to respond to them.”

Lefkowitz would like to thank the members of his dissertation committee, including his director and co-chair, Carsten G. Bönnemann, Chief of Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Diseases of Childhood Section at NINDS; chair, Ancha Baranova; and committee members, Donald Lo, Director of the Therapeutic Development Branch at NCATS; and George Mason’s Alessandra Luchini and Lance Liotta.

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Public health PhD focuses on how everyday environmental exposures affect metabolic and reproductive health

ckearney — Wed, 06 May 2026 19:35:40 +0000

Public health PhD focuses on how everyday environmental exposures affect metabolic and reproductive health ckearney Wed, 05/06/2026 - 15:35

When doctoral student Rooshna Mohsin arrived at 91�� from New Jersey, she came with a clear purpose: to deepen her research in environmental and reproductive health and work alongside faculty whose scholarship aligned with her own ambitions. What she found at George Mason was more than an academic opportunity—it was a community that helped shape her into the researcher she is today.

Before coming to George Mason, Mohsin completed a master of public health in epidemiology from Rutgers University and a bachelor of science in biology from the College of New Jersey.

Graduating with her PhD in public health with a concentration in epidemiology this May, Mohsin has spent her time at George Mason exploring how everyday environmental exposures affect metabolic and reproductive health. Her dissertation, Dietary and Social Predictors of PFAS Exposure and Metabolic Health in Hispanic Children, focused on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of widely used synthetic chemicals linked to health concerns. She has also examined trace element exposures in IVF populations.

Rooshna Mohsin. Photo by Evan Cantwell/Office of University Branding

Across her work, Mohsin has focused on a pressing public health question: How do common environmental chemicals influence health outcomes across the lifespan, from early childhood through the reproductive years?

That work required both scientific rigor and persistence. Designing a dissertation meant identifying research gaps, asking novel questions, and building studies that could contribute something new to the field. “The most challenging experience I had at George Mason was throughout my dissertation process,” she said. “It was academically demanding, but it was also incredibly rewarding in terms of the outcomes and the skills I gained.”

She credits much of that growth to the mentorship and support she found at the College of Public Health, especially from her advisor, epidemiologist Michael Bloom.

“He really helped shape me and make sure that I excel as a student here and as a future professional and academic,” she said.

Under his mentorship, Mohsin pursued opportunities she had never imagined for herself—including presenting her research at a conference in China, an experience she calls one of the highlights of her doctoral journey.

Mohsin also found strength in the community around her. While her concentration was in epidemiology, many members of her cohort studied social and behavioral health. That interdisciplinary environment became one of the most meaningful parts of her experience.

Rooshna Mohsin at the Three Minute Thesis. Photo provided

“My cohort was the rock of my whole degree,” she said. “They kept me sane and stable.”

Their different research backgrounds pushed Mohsin to think beyond disciplinary boundaries and sharpen one of public health’s most important skills: communication. Explaining research to peers outside her specialty helped her become a more effective scholar—one better equipped to translate complex findings for broader audiences.

“I think that’s such an important part of research,” she said. “We need to communicate our work in a way that people without this background can understand it.”

In fact, Mohsin competed in George Mason’s annual Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition, a research communication competition for PhD candidates across the university, and took home third place. Competitors are judged on their ability to present the significance of their dissertation or thesis research using a single slide and within a strict three-minute time limit.

That ability to communicate across audiences became one of the accomplishments she is most proud of. Over the course of her doctoral studies, Mohsin presented at conferences, shared her research with more experienced scholars, and grew more confident in her ability to contribute meaningfully to conversations in her field.

Outside the classroom and lab, Mohsin also built connections across the region, including through her role as a public health ambassador for Association of Schools and Programs in Public Health (ASPPH) in Washington, D.C. Those experiences expanded her professional network and reinforced one of the advantages of studying public health in Northern Virginia: access to a dynamic, deeply connected health and policy community.

By the end of her first semester in Virginia, Mohsin said George Mason had already begun to feel like home. What started as a move for academic opportunity became something more lasting—a place defined by mentorship, collaboration, and belonging. “My faculty were very welcoming, and the people in my cohort were just family for me,” she said.

As she graduates, Mohsin said becoming a George Mason alum still feels a little surreal. But she leaves with pride in what she has accomplished and gratitude for the people who helped her get there.

“I’m excited to see how I put together these skills and experiences that I’ve built during my time at Mason,” she said, “and be able to bring that into whatever field I go into next.”

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Doctoral student brings teacher well-being to the front of the class with dissertation research

sholla4 — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 15:42:07 +0000

Doctoral student brings teacher well-being to the front of the class with dissertation research sholla4 Tue, 03/24/2026 - 11:42

Teacher well-being has been a persistent issue in education, and the COVID-19 pandemic marked a significant turning point, intensifying existing challenges and highlighting the need for greater support. A 2025 RAND report on the State of American Teachers found that teachers were more likely to report experiencing poor well-being across all indicators than their peers in other fields, with 53% reporting feeling burned out. And as teacher and administrator resignation rates remain above pre-pandemic levels, education is reaching a critical juncture.

Megan Sharkey. Photo provided.

Megan Sharkey, a doctoral student in educational psychology in the College of Education and Human Development at 91��, is hoping her research on teacher well-being will give districts and divisions the insights needed to get teachers the support they need.

Prior to coming to George Mason, Sharkey taught elementary, special education, and early childhood education for almost 20 years. Across public, charter, and private schools from the Bronx in New York City to New Orleans and Northern Virginia, Sharkey's experiences teaching across varied geographical settings, demographics, and school systems shaped her approach to research.

“She’s unique in that not only does she have the knowledge of where we are and where we’re headed from a research perspective, but she also has the practical, firsthand understanding of how teacher well-being implicates the lives of many educators across different settings and systems,” said Betsy Levine-Brown, associate professor of education and Sharkey’s dissertation chair.

As the COVID-19 pandemic wore on, Sharkey’s experiences teaching under increasingly challenging conditions helped narrow her research interests to teacher well-being.

“I just felt like our story [as teachers] during COVID-19 wasn’t being told,” she said. “We value education. We work hard for the best outcomes for our students and families. At times, that goes unnoticed, and I wish our world valued the work of educators more.”

Now, she’s hoping her dissertation research will help educators, administrators, and schools better understand where wellness support is needed. With funding from the American Education Research Association (AERA) Stress, Coping, and Resilience Special Interest Group (SIG), Sharkey is working with a large school division in Northern Virginia to examine teacher, school, and organizational well-being efforts with a focus on elevating teachers’ voices to better understand and address comprehensive educator well-being resources and supports.

Sharkey’s research aims to answer two main questions: how are teachers’ well-being perceptions shaped by organizational policies and supports, and in what ways do teachers explain their well-being in relation to their daily work experiences? This includes looking at district- and administrative-level supports for educators, as well as surveying and interviewing teachers to understand how they experience and interpret their well-being across personal, professional, and organizational domains. It’s an approach that allows Sharkey to look at the layers of impact, from the macro level of administration to the micro level of one-on-one teacher/student interaction.

“Administrators want to build the workforce, and they want teaching to be a sustainable career path. Turnover is hard, and turnover is expensive,” said Sharkey. “And retaining teachers begins with understanding working conditions and why teachers leave the profession.”

Sharkey noted that recent research on teacher well-being shows how it can have a big impact on school culture and student achievement. Like with any job, employee satisfaction improves workplace climate. In schools, these effects can extend into the classroom, as a more positive school climate has been associated with a range of student outcomes, including engagement, attendance, and academic performance. When teachers are supported with the conditions they need to show up as their best selves, students benefit.

“This type of research is at the intersection of scholarship, policy, and applied practice and will have a real contribution to the daily lives of education professionals and the organizational structures of our school divisions,” said Levine-Brown.

“I’m incredibly grateful for the research practice partnerships I’ve built during this process,” said Sharkey. “Through them, there’s real opportunity for this research to have direct impacts on Northern Virginia educators.”

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PhD student Olesya Vartanyan briefs U.S. Congress on the political situation in Georgia

Paul Snodgrass — Wed, 04 Mar 2026 19:53:11 +0000

PhD student Olesya Vartanyan briefs U.S. Congress on the political situation in Georgia Paul Snodgrass Wed, 03/04/2026 - 14:53

On February 11, 2026, Olesya Vartanyan, a first-year PhD student at 91��'s Carter School and conflict analyst with more than 15 years of field experience in the South Caucasus, took part in a congressional briefing on the political situation in Georgia. The event was hosted by the U.S. Helsinki Commission, a bipartisan body bringing together members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate. In recent years, the commission has been a leading voice in shaping U.S. policy toward Georgia, particularly following the country’s political crisis triggered by the disputed parliamentary elections of 2024.

Olesya Vartanyan. Photo provided

Vartanyan was invited to share her assessment of developments in Georgia and to outline possible pathways toward resolving the protracted political standoff. Her long-standing work on conflict dynamics, negotiation processes, and crisis management in the region formed the basis of her recommendations.

This was not her first engagement with the U.S. Congress. In 2020, she testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on the situation in Georgia’s conflict regions, which remain disputed territories following multiple wars involving Russia. In 2024, she also briefed members of Congress on developments between Armenia and Azerbaijan after renewed cycles of violence in their decades-long conflict.

Her most recent appearance came at a particularly sensitive moment. More than a year into Georgia’s political crisis, tensions remain high between the ruling authorities and opposition forces. The Georgian leadership has sought to reset relations with the current U.S. administration, amid ongoing international concerns regarding the 2024 election results in Georgia, the detention of opposition figures, and the adoption of restrictive legislation affecting civil society. At the same time, the European Union has signaled the possibility of additional measures in response to democratic backsliding.

Olesya Vartanyan testifying before a hearing of Helsinki Commission leadership from the House and Senate in 2024.

The congressional event also took place against a broader geopolitical backdrop. The United States has shown increased interest in expanding trade and transport connectivity between Central Asia and Europe through the South Caucasus. Following U.S.-facilitated diplomatic efforts between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 2025, Washington has emphasized regional stability as a strategic priority.

In her remarks, Vartanyan structured her recommendations around three core lessons drawn from Georgia’s own political history. She argued that any sustainable reset in U.S.-Georgia relations must be grounded in a genuine political settlement inside the country. She outlined a roadmap centered on inclusive dialogue, compromise across political divides, and a longer-term vision for institutional reform.

“No process will succeed without a real prospect of equal access to power for all political groups,” she stated, arguing that technical reforms alone are insufficient if political actors do not believe that power can change hands peacefully. The process, she suggested, should include elements of transitional justice as well as political agreements capable of restoring public trust.

The United States, she noted, remains uniquely positioned to encourage meaningful dialogue. “No process can succeed without a strong external guarantor,” she said, referencing earlier moments when international mediation helped overcome political stalemate in Georgia.

She also cautioned that U.S. sanctions should be used strategically and paired with diplomacy. Drawing on comparative experience, she observed that punitive measures are most effective when complemented by political engagement; absent diplomatic follow-up, they risk entrenching positions and increasing pressure on vulnerable groups within society.

Linking domestic reform to international strategy, Vartanyan warned that “without meaningful contribution to a political resolution, no reset in U.S.–Georgia relations will be sustainable.” If the structural roots of the crisis remain unaddressed, she argued, Georgia risks entering repeated cycles of instability, with consequences for its sovereignty and for broader regional security.

The briefing attracted considerable attention both in Georgia and among policymakers in the United States and Europe. Broadcast live, it was followed by viewers in Georgia despite the late hour. Local media outlets widely reported on the discussion, and transcripts of Vartanyan’s remarks circulated in both English and Georgian. Commentators across the political spectrum described the proposals as a structured and actionable roadmap for beginning a credible political process.

Although Georgia’s political crisis remains unresolved, the congressional exchange reinforced the central message of her intervention: that stability cannot be achieved through tactical resets alone. By linking domestic political reform to broader regional and strategic considerations, Vartanyan’s remarks positioned crisis resolution not as a concession to one side, but as a prerequisite for Georgia’s long-term resilience and for effective U.S. engagement in the South Caucasus. At a moment of heightened polarization, her intervention introduced a policy framework that moved the discussion from managing crisis to resolving it.

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University Scholar combines art and conflict resolution to build bridges
June 1, 2026
The making of a Carter School conflict coach
May 29, 2026
What’s happening at the Center for Peacemaking Practice?
April 30, 2026
Meet the Two Carter Undergraduates Who Presented at the 2026 Oxford Consortium for Human Rights in War and Climate Emergency Conference
April 27, 2026
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George Mason PhD student Jessye Gassel captures timelapse of a supernova

Katarina Benson — Fri, 13 Feb 2026 15:45:31 +0000

George Mason PhD student Jessye Gassel captures timelapse of a supernova Katarina Benson Fri, 02/13/2026 - 10:45

Jessye Gassel has always been fascinated with spinning bodies.

“I grew up figure skating,” said physics PhD student at 91��. “From 3 years old to 23, I spent all my free time on the ice. And I had a lot of curiosity about how I could do the things I was doing.”

Gassel found herself looking forward to her high school physics class every day and knew, by junior year, that she would pursue it in college. A senior-year astronomy class honed that direction toward astrophysics.

George Mason doctoral student Jessye Gassel presenting at the American Astronomical Society. Photo provided

Now she is working with Brian Williams, a research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who is also her PhD advisor, and she recently presented a video compilation of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant (SNR) over the course of 25 years and related research at the 247th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Phoenix, Arizona.

Kepler’s supernova remnant is the result of a Type Ia supernova–a white dwarf star in a binary system that exploded. In fact, it’s a relatively young and nearby celestial object in cosmic terms: only 400 years old and 17,000 light years away. The video was created using data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory captured over more than two and a half decades.

“Type Ia supernovae are super cool but super rare,” said Gassel. “Cosmologists can actually use the behavior of the remnants to measure the expansion of the universe, and glean more information as to its structure, but there is still much unknown about the details of the actual explosion.”

Kepler’s SNR, she found, is expanding at different rates in different directions. The top is moving at 4 million miles per second (.05% of the speed of light), and the bottom is moving at 13.8 million miles per second (2% of the speed of light). This suggests that the top is expanding into a much denser material than the bottom. Part of what Gassel and her team want to explore next is what, exactly, that material is made of.

“The newest observations of Kepler were taken in summer 2025, and we started putting everything together last November for the January conference,” said Gassel, who has a bachelor’s degree in physics and mathematics from St. Olaf College in Minnesota.

Gassel and Williams previously investigated Tycho’s supernova remnant in 2024 before moving on to Kepler.

The release of the video brought Gassel and Williams—and Kepler—lots of media attention. While publishing papers is standard for researchers, having a NASA press release about your work isn’t, so Gassel said having this opportunity as a doctoral student has been an honor.

“Seeing a news release on the front page of the NASA website with my name attached to it and reading all of the articles that other outlets published about it has given me a major confidence boost,” she said. “Since high school, I’ve struggled with imposter phenomenon as a woman in STEM, so this has truly felt like a ‘I’ve made it’ moment.”

On the doctoral front, Gassel is still putting together her dissertation committee and hasn’t settled on a project yet, although she is pretty sure it will involve supernova remnants and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

Chandra the dog dressed as Chandra the telescope for Halloween. Photo provided

In fact, Gassel named her dog, Chandra, after the telescope that has brought so much meaning to her professional life. Dog Chandra debuted at the Department of Physics and Astronomy’s Halloween party last fall dressed as the Chandra X-ray Observatory and won first prize.

Although Gassel is focused on the stars, she said her terrestrial plans after George Mason include seeking at teaching position and continuing with her research.

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Animation courtesy of NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory illustrating the supernova studied in this research.

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PhD student’s research addresses how adolescent social media use predicts in-person friendship networks

sbrown79 — Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:03:18 +0000

PhD student’s research addresses how adolescent social media use predicts in-person friendship networks sbrown79 Wed, 02/04/2026 - 13:03

91�� doctoral student Caroline Toth looks at how adolescents’ social media use is associated with the structure of their in-person friendship networks. Her research shows that friendships were more likely among youth with similar levels of problematic social media use and digital status seeking.

Photo by Getty Images

“This reflects a social network mechanism known as homophily, which is essentially love of the same, meaning that youth select friends who are similar to themselves in problematic social media use and digital status seeking. By doing this study, we're showing that friendships aren't forming at random, but being shaped in part by digital habits and values that are shared among friendship networks,” said Toth, a graduate research assistant in George Mason’s Applied Developmental Psychology Program in the Department of Psychology.

Her first paper on the topic was recently published at the Journal of Children and Media.

“Adolescence is a very sensitive time for social processing. Teens are very sensitive to social cues,” said Toth, who earned her master’s degree from the same George Mason program in 2021.

Caroline Toth. Photo provided.

Toth’s paper, “Problematic social media use, availability distress, and digital status seeking: Links to friendship network structure among U.S. adolescents,” explores how adolescents use social media to feel connected to others and gain social standing.

“Previous research has mainly examined links between social media use and disrupted sleep, anxiety, and depression. However, as a social networks scholar, I'm really interested in how adolescents’ online behaviors and emotional reactions to social media affect the structure of their friendship network,” Toth said.

This research is especially relevant to Generation Alpha, born between 2010 and 2024. When adolescents select friends who engage in similar problematic online behaviors, the resulting shared emotional thoughts, reactions, and behaviors can start to feel expected and encouraged within these friendship groups, said Toth.

This can be especially harmful because teens use social media to gain popularity and approval. The normalization of problematic online behaviors within friend groups makes them appear necessary for social success, explained Toth.

An example of problematic social media use is excessive use of social media to the point that it impacts your ability to focus on school or work. Within friend groups, adolescents are likely to reinforce this problematic usage because it’s what they see their friends doing. Toth emphasizes that algorithms are becoming more sophisticated and increasing adolescents’ exposure to highly engaging, emotionally charged content, keeping them constantly active online.

“It's critical that we continue to examine the constant feedback loop between the demands of the peer group and adolescents’ own emotional reactions to their online activities, so that we can help adolescents develop better coping mechanisms and survival skills for online life,” she said.

Toth states that interventions focused on improving self-regulation of social media use and emotional regulation show promise in helping young people resist algorithmic content manipulation, and take back control of their social media usage.

Olga Kornienko. Photo provided.

Toth and her mentor Olga Kornienko, an associate professor of applied developmental psychology, are collaborating with a public school district in Arizona to understand sources the role of social relationships as sources of risk and resilience in the lives of contemporary youth.

Working out of George Mason’s Peer Networks and Development Lab, Toth and Kornienko are collecting data from ninth-grade students through a series of questions about their social media use, culture, and psychological well-being.

They are collaborating with scholars from University of California, Davis, and Arizona State University, where Kornienko earned her PhD in 2010.

“Our study is not specific to any one social media platform. We were able to capture the broader digital experience that adolescents have online that reflects their everyday life. We hope it will remain relevant to Gen Alpha and beyond because even as individual platforms go in and out of use or new ones pop up, they're still going to have those core aspects of promoting constant engagement and peer feedback,” said Toth.

Toth said that while she didn’t have much experience with academic publishing before coming to graduate school at George Mason, she hit the ground running. “We started [this research project] in my very first semester, so it was a very important part of my professional development working with Dr. Kornienko,” Toth said. “[She taught me about] so many different aspects of peer interaction and networks, social media, and how they're all interconnected.”

“It’s been such a pleasure seeing Caro grow as a researcher and academic,” said Kornienko. “She is addressing a very complex topic and contributing to more positive adolescent experiences.”

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Bridging Health and Justice: How Schar PhD Student Loveline Phillips Is Shaping Policy Research

Andrew J Schappert — Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:30:52 +0000

Bridging Health and Justice: How Schar PhD Student Loveline Phillips Is Shaping Policy Research Andrew J Schappert Mon, 01/26/2026 - 09:30

Loveline Phillips on Schar School faculty: ‘The professors are welcoming, they’re warm, hospitable, and they just want to see you excel as a student.’ Photo by Buzz McClain/Schar School of Policy and Government

Loveline Phillips’s path to 91�� has been anything but linear. Born in Nigeria, educated in her homeland and the United Kingdom, and now pursuing a PhD at George Mason’s Schar School of Policy and Government, Phillips carries with her a global perspective shaped by migration, scholarship, and persistence—and, more recently, motherhood.

Loveline Phillips Photo provided

Her first experience in the United States came in 2017, when she visited from the United Kingdom where she was studying sustainable development on a Commonwealth Shared Scholarship, a fund designed to support students from underserved Commonwealth nations to pursue master’s degrees.

Her then-fiancé was a student at Purdue University in Indiana, which brought her to the United States.

Ever the scholar, Phillips completed one year of a master of philosophy degree in Santa Monica, California, at Pardee RAND Graduate School, an institute within the RAND Corporation, where she deepened her training in policy analysis and research.

From there, she set her sights on a PhD in public policy and applied to the Schar School. Acceptance at the school introduced her to a mentor who would shape her work at George Mason: University Professor Faye Taxman, a health services criminologist and founding director of the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence, exclamatorily known as ACE!.

The match was not obvious at first. Phillips’s background was in international economic development and health policy, not criminal justice.

“I’d never done anything on criminal justice prior to coming to George Mason,” she said. Still, she leaned on advice instilled by her parents: “Whatever your hands find to do, do it to the best of your ability.”

At the Schar School, Phillips found a way to connect her prior interests with her new field.

“There’s a health and justice nexus,” she said. “These are vulnerable populations that are prone to health challenges and have poor health outcomes.”

Her published work with Taxman examines probation, reentry, and community supervision through both health and justice lenses—a combination she now sees as central to her academic identity.

Phillips credits the Schar School, and Taxman in particular, with accelerating her development as a scholar.

“Prior to joining the Schar School, I never had a first-authored publication,” she said. “And now I have two, with one book chapter coming out soon.”

Taxman, she added, is “my advisor, she’s my dissertation committee chair, she’s a mentor, and she has really pushed me in my career.”

Beyond mentorship, Phillips said the Schar School has given her rigorous methodological training, including using powerful research tools, such as the qualitative data analysis software, ATLAS.ti. That, mixed with her quantitative and social network analysis skills through coursework, results in a valuable mix of method skills, allowing her to approach problems from multiple angles.

“Using both her qualitative skills and system-theory causal loop diagram methods, she has uncovered patterns of how different systems interconnected,” said Taxman. “From this, she identifies how to improve the functioning of systems and organizations.”

Phillips is, she said, “a remarkable graduate student committed to applying the methods she learns at the Schar School of Policy and Government.”

What has surprised Phillips most about the Schar School is its ethos of real-world policy and public service work as well as its collaborative and experiential culture.

“Seeing how faculty is really invested in students’ development stands out,” she said. “The professors are welcoming, they’re warm, hospitable, and they just want to see you excel as a student.”

Balancing doctoral research with life as a parent to a 14-month-old daughter, Tioluwani, Phillips remains focused on the impact of her work. Her next paper looks at how probation conditions impact probationers, especially as they re-enter society, with the goal, she said, of informing both practitioners and researchers for the public good.

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