Department of Cyber Security Engineering faculty

Your watch knows what you did last summer

Nathan Kahl — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 17:36:08 +0000

Your watch knows what you did last summer Nathan Kahl Mon, 06/15/2026 - 13:36

A smartwatch sitting quietly on someone’s wrist may seem unremarkable. But in a criminal investigation, that device could become a witness.

91�� Cyber Security Engineering Associate Professor Umit Karabiyik helps law enforcement agencies across the country understand how data from everyday connected devices can provide critical evidence in criminal cases. Through a U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)–funded project, Karabiyik and researchers trained thousands of criminal justice professionals and provided technical assistance on cases involving everything from smartwatches and fitness trackers to smart home devices and medical technologies.

“We try to understand this Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem and extract data from these technologies for evidentiary purposes in courts, criminal investigations, and criminal litigation,” said Karabiyik.

The project, funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, was first awarded in 2021 while Karabiyik was at Purdue University. Originally planned as a short-term effort, the grant was extended multiple times, allowing the team to continue responding to a growing challenge: helping investigators keep pace with the expansion of connected technologies in everyday life.

IoT devices include smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart appliances, home security systems, smart glasses, medical monitoring devices, and countless other products that collect and exchange data. “Law enforcement agencies need to understand what these technologies are, what the security issues are, what the privacy issues are, and most importantly, how to investigate them,” Karabiyik said.

That work often goes beyond research papers and conference presentations. Since the project began, Karabiyik’s team has trained more than 7,000 criminal justice professionals through conferences, webinars, and specialized workshops. They have also become a resource for investigators facing technical questions in active cases.

“We get phone calls from law enforcement agencies that say, ‘I’ve got this case, and I got stuck. What do I do?’” Karabiyik said.

One line of research focused on how devices within Apple’s ecosystem communicate with one another. Karabiyik’s team discovered that Apple devices can collect identifying information about nearby Apple products even without direct interaction from users. The findings created new possibilities for investigators attempting to establish whether individuals or devices had been in proximity to one another.

After presenting the research, Karabiyik received inquiries from investigators working homicide and cold cases who wanted to know whether data from nearby Apple devices could help narrow the list of potential suspects. “These kinds of calls keep coming,” he said.

Geolocation data points generated by an iPhone alongside data from nearby WiFi access points. Despite iPhone location services being disabled, information from surrounding devices is still collected. Image provided.

As part of the project, Karabiyik and colleagues serve as a criminal IoT helpdesk, of sorts.

In one case, Karabiyik served as an expert witness in a murder trial where investigators examined data from a smartwatch worn by the defendant, who maintained she had been asleep during the time prosecutors alleged the crime occurred.

“We looked at the technology and proved that she was indeed sleeping,” Karabiyik said. “There were no steps taken, and her stress level was perfectly fine until she found the victim dead.” The defendant was ultimately found not guilty.

While much of the project focuses on digital forensics, Karabiyik’s research also examines the privacy and security risks associated with connected devices. His team has built databases of vulnerabilities and studied how data collected by consumer technologies is stored, shared, and potentially exposed.

He noted that his research influences his own personal use. “I’m very picky about what technologies I use,” he said. He avoids devices with microphones and cameras whenever possible, does not use voice assistants such as Alexa or Google Home, and is cautious about products that collect large amounts of personal data.

At the same time, he sees enormous value in connected technologies when they are used responsibly. “Unless you are a bad person, these technologies can be super helpful,” he said. “If something happens to me, I know these devices are going to tell law enforcement a lot of things.”

As connected devices continue to multiply, Karabiyik expects demand for digital forensic expertise to grow as well. The current project concludes later this year, but he is already pursuing new DOJ funding opportunities aimed at helping forensic examiners, law enforcement agencies, and criminal justice professionals navigate an increasingly connected world.

Check out "When Your Smartwatch Becomes a Witness," an episode of CEC's podcast In the Abstract.

Podcast episode transcript

Teresa Donnellan A smart watch sitting quietly on someone's wrist may seem unremarkable, but in a criminal investigation, that device could become a witness.

Welcome to In the Abstract, a research podcast from 91��'s College of Engineering and Computing. I'm Teresa Donnellan.

Umit Karabiyik There are so many new technologies that are coming in IoT became part of everyday life for every single one of us.

Teresa Donnellan 91�� Cyber Security Engineering Associate Professor Umit Karabiyik helps law enforcement agencies across the country understand how data from everyday connected devices can provide critical evidence in criminal cases.

Umit Karabiyik So try to understand this Internet of Things ecosystem and extract data from these technologies for the use of evidentiary purposes in courts— criminal, you know, litigations, criminal investigations. So they want to make sure, the law enforcement agencies and, in general, criminal justice professionals, they understand the technology, IoT technologies, and anything related to justice domain, with respect to IoT devices. Do they understand what the technology is? What are the security issues? What are the privacy issues? And more importantly, which is the majority part of it when they are found in criminal investigations, how to investigate these technologies, how to understand the data [that] reside on these devices generated by these devices and stored somewhere else sometimes.

Teresa Donnellan Through a U.S. Department of Justice funded project, Karabiyik and researchers trained thousands of criminal justice professionals and provided technical assistance on cases involving everything from smartwatches and fitness trackers to smart home devices and medical technologies.

Umit Karabiyik I work on Internet of Things technologies. Particularly, we focus on fitness trackers, smartwatches, smart appliances at homes, like meta glasses. You know, they record everything, watches, and Oura rings, you know, even we investigated some glucometers; we had one of our researchers, coincidentally, he was diabetic, he was using also glucometer. We investigated his data points and technology as well. Then what we do based on the research and products, we create trainings. And throughout the five years since twenty twenty one, we trained over seven thousand criminal justice professionals at more than thirty in-person trainings, and we did several online webinars so that we can answer questions. That's the technical training component of this, and then there is technical assistance.

Teresa Donnellan The project, funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, was first awarded in 2021. Originally planned as a short term effort, the grant was extended multiple times, allowing the team to continue responding to a growing challenge: Helping investigators keep pace with the expansion of connected technologies in everyday life. They have also become a resource for investigators facing technical questions in active cases.

Umit Karabiyik We get phone calls from law enforcement agencies. They call us like, "Hey, I got this case." It could be a cold case, or it could be an ongoing case. "And I got stuck on this. What do I do?" So it's under the project, we actually provide technical assistance. We collaborate with the White Collar Crime Center. And you know, with this, you know, uh, partnership, they have connection to the tens of thousands of criminal justice professionals. So they reach out to them, and then they reach out to us as technical subject matter experts. And then I provide them, "Hey, you got to do this. You need to do that." or "You know, we don't have technology for this." Something like that.

Teresa Donnellan One line of research focused on how devices within Apple's ecosystem communicate with one another. Karabiyik's team discovered that Apple devices can collect identifying information about nearby Apple products, even without direct interaction from users. The findings created new possibilities for investigators attempting to establish whether individuals or devices had been in proximity to one another.

Umit Karabiyik We found that, especially [with] Apple ecosystem devices, they constantly share data with each other, even without the interaction of the users. They keep changing data with each other. So we give the example of this: like if there is any smart watch in a room, it knows all the other Apple devices in the room. What it means: It knows it basically collects the unique identifier about those devices. So then we give this scenario. We say, if there's an abduction of a child, and there's a suspect for this abduction, and you go to the suspect, say, well, have you seen this kid? Say, no, I've never seen this person. I've never, you know, in contact with this person. But the kid might have Apple Watch. And if we investigate that person's phone, we could find that that watch has been interacting with the phone.

Teresa Donnellan After presenting the research, Karibiyik received inquiries from investigators working homicide and cold cases who wanted to know whether data from nearby Apple devices could help narrow the list of potential suspects.

Umit Karabiyik Then when we brought this research findings four years ago, I got a phone call from Ohio FBI field office, said, "Oh, I got a cold case. This is exactly what happened. There is a dead body. And we, because of the CCTV cameras they had, that suspect was wearing an Apple Watch. And the the victim was the victim was actually having a iPhone." So the question was, would that iPhone have the killer's Apple Watch information? That was a cold case. Unfortunately, it was too old. At that time, this communication wasn't really happening. We couldn't solve that case.

Teresa Donnellan As part of the project, Karibiyik and colleagues serve as a criminal IoT help desk of sorts.

Umit Karabiyik Under this project, they reach out to NW3C, the White Collar Crime Center. We give them this hotline phone number, and then the, the NW3C contact reaches out to me depending on the question, because we have subcontracts from NW3C. They are experts in litigations and legal issues. Some of them are just reaching out saying like, "I have a, you know, IoT device. We investigated this. We found this evidence. Well, how are we going to put it into the legal context? How is this going to be admissible?" It's not really my case in that case, because I prove scientifically it's correct. So my co-pi from NW3C, he's the chief counsel of White Collar Crime Center. And he helps on that case when it's a technology problem. Like, "Hey, we found this device. How are we going to get data out of it?" I come into play.

Teresa Donnellan In one case, Karibiyik served as an expert witness in a murder trial, where investigators examined data from a smartwatch worn by the defendant.

Umit Karabiyik Because of this research, I actually worked on a case in Indiana. It was also a murder case. Um, a suspect was a wife. She was accused of killing her husband. Uh, and she was saying that he fell over the stairs and, um, and she was wearing an Apple Watch. She was wearing a Garmin watch, um, IoT device. And she said she was sleeping all night. And we were, you know, called to the case. Um, we were hired, and we looked at the technology, and we proved that she was indeed sleeping. There were no steps taken, and her stress level was perfectly fine until she found him dead. Um, at 4:34 a.m. in the morning. So we presented this to the court.

Teresa Donnellan The defendant was ultimately found not guilty. While much of the project focuses on digital forensics, Karabiyik's research also examines the privacy and security risks associated with connected devices.

Umit Karabiyik From the forensics part, I believe they serve a lot to us, unless you are a bad person. I'm not a bad person. So I believe these IoT technologies are super helpful for for if I'm killed, I know this device is going to tell a lot of things to the, you know, law enforcement about me and my killer. But I'm very picky about what technologies I use, because I also know these technologies have a lot of privacy concerns and security concerns.

Teresa Donnellan His team has built databases of vulnerabilities and studied how data collected by consumer technologies is stored, shared, and potentially exposed.

Umit Karabiyik So we created a database of vulnerabilities of these technologies [of] what are the security and privacy pitfalls as an individual, um, as a user of these technologies, like I am very picky. I'm very selective of using Chinese technologies because as we do the research, we know these technologies, like, for instance, indoor security cameras, they share data with the third parties and they store data in, you know, clouds, even though they don't have, you know, subscriptions. So these technologies are sometimes freaking me out, if I don't know their behaviors. So this is why, you know, we try to some of my research is privacy and security of IoT devices so that we identify and we just let the rest of the world know this technology collects this type of data. And in fact, maybe they sell your data. So from that perspective, I'm very selective of using certain technologies personally. And I suggest my friends and, you know, family members also like what to use, what not to use. And usually good technologies are more expensive. Technologies are secure, not always, most of the time, but cheaper products are very questionable ones.

Teresa Donnellan He avoids devices with microphones and cameras whenever possible, does not use voice assistants such as Alexa or Google Home, and is cautious about products that collect large amounts of personal data. At the same time, he sees enormous value in connected technologies when they are used responsibly. As connected devices continue to multiply, Karibiyik expects demand for digital forensic expertise to grow as well. The current project concludes later this year, but he is already pursuing new DOJ funding opportunities aimed at helping forensic examiners, law enforcement agencies, and criminal justice professionals navigate an increasingly connected world.

Thanks for listening to In the Abstract. For more information or to find out about graduate study opportunities, visit cec dot gmu dot edu.

Explore more research at George Mason

Topics

Cybersecurity Research

Department of Cyber Security Engineering faculty

Internet of Things

Department of Justice

Research

Matthew Jablonski

Tama Moni — Thu, 07 Aug 2025 18:31:00 +0000

Matthew Jablonski Tama Moni Thu, 08/07/2025 - 14:31

Assistant Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Building: Vernon Smith Hall
Campus: Mason Square
Email: mjablons@gmu.edu

Biography

Matthew Jablonski joined the Department of Cyber Security Engineering at 91�� in 2025 as an Assistant Professor. Before this position, he served as a research assistant professor within the College of Engineering and Computing for the prior year. His research is currently focused on applying cybersecurity within manufacturing systems, battery systems, vehicle systems, and AI systems as well as applying formal methods towards threat modeling and within model-based systems engineering. Jablonski earned his IT PhD from 91�� in 2023 as a part-time student while working full-time in industry focused on systems engineering and penetration testing / red teaming. He has over 20 years of industry experience.

Degrees

PhD, Information Security and Assurance, 91��
MS, Information Security and Assurance, 91��
BS, Computer Science, Virginia Tech

Military 5G gets a security boost with anti-jamming research

tdonnel — Mon, 21 Oct 2024 19:01:12 +0000

Military 5G gets a security boost with anti-jamming research tdonnel Mon, 10/21/2024 - 15:01

As communication networks evolve, they present both opportunities and security challenges to military technicians. Over the past year, Assistant Professor Moinul Hossain from 91��’s Department of Cyber Security Engineering has contributed to a research initiative aimed at ensuring the safety and integrity of 5G networks used by the United States military. Sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and led by the University of Maryland (UMD), the project focused on safeguarding military communications against potential threats such as jamming attacks.

Hossain’s colleagues will present their work, a research paper titled “Phantom Guard: An MDP-Based Anti-Jamming Defense Strategy for Military 5G Networks,” at the end of this month at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Military Communications Conference (MILCOM). As Hossain will be on leave during the conference, George Mason doctoral student Mahmudul Hassan Ashik, who contributed to the project, will join ARL’s Jeffrey Twigg and Fikadu Dagefu and UMD colleagues for the presentation.

Moinul Hossain. Photo provided

"As 5G technology becomes a cornerstone of global communications, safeguarding its security within military applications is crucial,” said Ashik, who is working on a PhD in cyber security engineering. “Our research tackles these complex challenges of protecting sensitive data transmitted over 5G networks in high-risk, adversarial environments."

While commercial 5G is already widely used for communication between devices, the military’s adoption of this technology necessitates additional measures to safeguard sensitive data and ensure secure communication, even in contested environments. Hossain’s project, which began in May 2023 and concluded in August 2024, centered on addressing this critical security concern.

"5G is a major pillar of national security, alongside emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and quantum computing,” Hossain explained. “Its high throughput and low latency make it ideal for various applications, including the military. However, military use of 5G requires certain modifications to meet security standards, particularly to defend against adversarial threats like jamming."

Jamming occurs when an adversary sends a disruptive signal to interfere with communication channels, making it difficult for a receiver to decode the intended message. While this threat is not normally a concern for commercial 5G users, it is a major risk in military settings, where communication must be maintained even in hostile environments.

The research team focused on developing anti-jamming strategies to ensure military communications networks could withstand such attacks. Hossain likened this issue to bad actors compromising a secure office building (say, a headquarters) by infiltrating a less-protected satellite office. In military applications, particularly those involving unmanned vehicles or robots, compromising such resource-constrained devices could result in the loss of critical information at headquarters or even control over sensitive devices.

As the military continues to integrate emerging technologies like 5G into its operations, safeguarding these networks from adversarial threats becomes increasingly important. The collaboration between George Mason, UMD, and ARL demonstrates the critical role academic research plays in fortifying national security.

At MILCOM, the team’s work will be shared with a wider audience of defense and communication experts, contributing to the ongoing efforts to secure military networks in a connected world.

In This Story

Moinul Hossain

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Topics

Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Department of Cyber Security Engineering faculty

5G/6G Wireless Communications

Zhuangdi Zhu

Tama Moni — Mon, 11 Mar 2024 17:23:41 +0000

Zhuangdi Zhu Tama Moni Mon, 03/11/2024 - 13:23

Assistant Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Campus: Fairfax
Building: Research Hall, room 343
Email: zzhu24@gmu.edu

Personal Websites

Zhuangdi Zhu

Biography

Assistant Professor Zhuangdi Zhu obtained her PhD from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University in 2022, advised by Jiayu Zhou. She was a Senior Data and Applied Scientist at Microsoft in 2022-2023. Her research interest resides in both applied and fundamental Machine Learning. Her long-term research goal is to develop accountable AI systems with robustness, privacy, scalability, security, and ethics in holistic Machine Learning life cycles. She has been developing principled algorithms that facilitate Knowledge Transfer across heterogeneous domains. Her recent research largely involves Federated Learning and Reinforcement Learning. More details can be found on her website.

Degrees:

PhD, Computer Science, Michigan State University

Vijay Shah joins $2M NTIA-funded project on 5G cybersecurity

tdonnel — Thu, 08 Feb 2024 21:06:24 +0000

Vijay Shah joins $2M NTIA-funded project on 5G cybersecurity tdonnel Thu, 02/08/2024 - 16:06

In This Story

91�� researcher Vijay Shah has joined a $2 million project to develop a system to secure 5G Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture.

Funded by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), the project "A Holistic Cybersecurity Testing Framework for 5G Radio Access Networks" is a collaboration with Virginia Tech, Penn State University, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Shah, who leads Mason’s NextG Wireless Lab, will be allocated nearly a quarter of the project’s budget and be working with Nishith Tripathi and Jeff Reed from Virginia Tech, Syed Rafiul Hussain from Penn State University, and Bo Tang from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Vijay Shah

Security vulnerabilities in O-RAN present a critical cybersecurity challenge in the era of 5G. The team aims to create “a holistic and automated cybersecurity testing framework for O-RAN,” per the project’s executive summary.

Shah will also receive funding from the Commonwealth Cyber Initiative (CCI) to investigate fingerprinting technology for 5G/NextG O-RAN supply chain risk management, additional funding that highlights the multifaceted approach taken by the NextG Wireless Lab to address 5G networks cybersecurity challenges.

As part of these initiatives, the NextG Wireless Lab is actively growing its research team, with opportunities for postdoctoral researchers and PhD students interested in O-RAN cybersecurity, testing, and supply chain management.

Those interested in contributing to cutting-edge research in this field should email Shah.

Topics

Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Department of Cyber Security Engineering faculty

Commonwealth Cyber Initiative (CCI)

5G/6G Wireless Communications

Anomadarshi Barua

Tama Moni — Thu, 03 Aug 2023 20:18:16 +0000

Anomadarshi Barua Tama Moni Thu, 08/03/2023 - 16:18

Assistant Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Building: Research Hall, Room 347
Email: abarua8@gmu.edu
Phone: 703-993-6760

Personal Websites

Anomadarshi Barua Website

Biography

Anomadarshi Barua is an assistant professor in the Department of Cyber Security Engineering at 91��. His research interest broadly lies in the areas of system design and its security, particularly focusing on healthcare assistive systems, industrial control systems, sensors, and robotics. He leads the System Design and Security research group, which focuses on designing and improving the security of multimodal systems using secured software/hardware implementations of multimodal data. He uses audio, visual, pressure, vibration, mmWave, and electromagnetic data from multimodal systems and provides targeted solutions by combining data, sensors, and systems together. He publishes in top-tier security conferences like ACM CCS, USENIX, ACSAC, RAID, and CHES and system conferences, like HOST, ICCPS, and ICCAD. He also has worked in several industries in North America and Europe, such as Intel Corporation (USA), Solidigm (USA), Nordic Semiconductor (Norway), and IDEAS (Norway).

Degrees

PhD, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine
MS, Embedded Computing Systems, University of Southampton and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology
BS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Tanvir Arafin

Tama Moni — Tue, 14 Feb 2023 16:36:51 +0000

Tanvir Arafin Tama Moni Tue, 02/14/2023 - 11:36

Assistant Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Email: marafin@gmu.edu

Biography

Tanvir Arafin's work focuses on hardware security and trust issues in emerging computing platforms. His work has been published at flagship venues in hardware design and security, such as IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems, IEEE Transaction of Computers, ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, and Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference.

Moinul Hossain

Tama Moni — Thu, 11 Aug 2022 14:49:05 +0000

Moinul Hossain Tama Moni Thu, 08/11/2022 - 10:49

Assistant Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Campus: Fairfax

Building: Research Hall, Room 326A

Mail Stop: 6B1

Email: mhossa5@gmu.edu

Phone: 703-993-6760

Personal Websites

Professional Website

Biography

Dr. Hossain is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Cyber Security Engineering at 91��. Before joining George Mason, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences at Towson University, Maryland. His current research interests include but are not limited to, security assessment of wireless network protocols, threat modeling and counter-mechanism design, cross-technology spectrum sharing, dynamic spectrum access, and vehicle-to-vehicle communications.

Degrees

PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte (2020)
BSc, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (2011)

Mingkui Wei

Martha Bushong — Wed, 07 Apr 2021 17:40:46 +0000

Mingkui Wei Martha Bushong Wed, 04/07/2021 - 13:40

Associate Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Phone: 703-993-1861

Campus: Fairfax

Building: Research Hall, Room 340

Mail Stop: 6B1

Email: mwei2@gmu.edu

Personal Websites

Professional Webpage

Biography

Mingkui Wei is an associate professor in the Department of Cyber Security Engineering. His current research interests focus on network security, especially on the application layer. He takes approaches including mathematical modeling and analysis, simulation and experiment, and machine learning, to identify and address security threats on the Internet.

His research results have been published in top-tier venues including IEEE INFOCOM, Usenix Security, and ACM CCS. He was a faculty in Computer Science at Sam Houston State University before joining Mason in 2021.

Degrees

PhD, Computing Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2016
MS, Information Systems, Southeast University (China), 2008

Mohamed Gebril

Martha Bushong — Tue, 08 Sep 2020 12:19:49 +0000

Mohamed Gebril Martha Bushong Tue, 09/08/2020 - 08:19

Associate Professor, Department of Cyber Security Engineering

Contact Information

Phone: 703-993-6509

Campus: Fairfax
Building: Research Hall 341

Mail Stop: MS 6B1
Email: mgebril@gmu.edu

In the News

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October 1, 2025
Cybersecurity student hopes to use his powers for good
August 29, 2025
Mason students build drones as part of Commonwealth Cyber Initiative
June 1, 2022

Biography

Mohamed Gebril is an associate professor in the Cyber Security Engineering department. He joined Mason after working as a primary patent examiner for the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In his seven years at USPTO, he was involved in patent examination and prosecution areas in the data storage and networking fields, where he worked in intellectual property matters directed to computer security, enterprise network security and authentication, databases, data processing, and memory storage devices.

Gebril completed his PhD in electrical engineering at North Carolina A&T State University in 2011 in the area of big data indexing, machine learning, and AI applications. He received his MS in electrical engineering from North Carolina A&T State University in May 2008 in the area of robotics navigation and optimization and completed his undergraduate studies in electrical engineering at Alexandria University, Egypt.

Degrees

PhD, Electrical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University

Research Interests

Threat Modeling
Cyber-Physical Systems
UAV security

Department of Cyber Security Engineering faculty

Your watch knows what you did last summer

Check out "When Your Smartwatch Becomes a Witness," an episode of CEC's podcast In the Abstract.

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