91����

Email: mwan@gmu.edu
Phone: (703) 993-2955
Fax: (703) 993-1244

CURRENT POSITIONS

6/25/2015- 
Associate Dean, Schar School of Policy and Government, 91����

5/26/2015-8/24/2018
Director, Political Science Graduate Studies, Schar School of Policy and Government

8/2006-
Professor, Schar School of Policy and Government

EDUCATION

1993
Ph.D. in Political Science
Harvard University

1988
M.A. in Political Science
Acadia University, Canada

1985
B.A. in English
Beijing Foreign Languages Institute, China

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

8/06-8/14
Professor of Government and Politics, Department of Public and International Affairs, 91����

8/2010-8/2012
Visiting professor, Faculty of Law, Keio University, Japan

1/07-8/2010
Director, Global Affairs Program, 91����

8/05-12/06
Associate Chair for Undergraduate Studies, Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University

8/01-8/06
Associate Professor, Department of Public and

Summer 2004
Acting Chair, Department of Public and International Affairs, 91����

2002-03
George Washington University-Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Luce Fellow for Asian Policy Studies

1994-01
Assistant Professor, Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University

1995-96
John M. Olin Post-Doctoral Fellow in Economics and National Security
John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University

1995-96
Pacific Basin Research Center Post-Doctoral Fellow, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard

1993-94
Advanced Research Fellow, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Harvard

Summer 1992
Special Ph. D. Research Student, Tsukuba University, Japan 

1985-87
Visiting Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison

FELLOWSHIPS

Summer 2009
GMU Faculty Summer Research Award

2007-08
GMU’s College of Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty Research and Development Award

2002-03
George Washington University-Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Luce Faculty Fellowship in Asian Policy Studies

1995-96
John M. Olin Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Economics and NationalSecurity, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Center for International Affairs (CFIA), Harvard University

1995-96
Pacific Basin Research Center Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Kennedy School, Harvard University

Summer 1995
91���� Summer Research Fellowship 

1993-94
Advanced Research Fellowship, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, CFIA, Harvard University

1992-93
Mellon Dissertation Completion Fellowship

Summer 1992
Edwin O. Reischauer Institute Graduate Summer Travel Grant

1991-92
Mellon Dissertation Research Fellowship

Summer 1991
Harvard University GSAS Language Scholarship

1988-90
Harvard University Grant

Summer 1988
Acadia University Summer Fellowship

1987-88
Acadia University Fellowship

1986-87
Asia Foundation Grant

1985-86
Chinese Government Sponsorship

PUBLICATIONS

Books in print

Wan, Ming. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: The Construction of Power and the Struggle for the East Asian International Order (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).

Wan, Ming. Understanding Japan-China Relations: Theories and Issues (Singapore: World Scientific, 2016).

Wan, Ming. The China Model and Global Political Economy: Comparison, Impact, and Interaction (New York: Routledge, 2014). Paperback 2017.

Wan, Ming. The Political Economy of East Asia: Striving for Wealth and Power (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2008).

Wan, Ming. Sino-Japanese Relations: Interaction, Logic, and Transformation (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006).

Wan, Ming. Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Relations: Defining and Defending National Interests (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001).

Wan, Ming. Japan Between Asia and the West: Economic Power and Strategic Balance (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2001).

Refereed Journal Articles

Wan, Ming. “Back to Nature: An Achievement-based structural Assessment of the Modern International System.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 6, 4 (Winter 2013), pp. 401-28.

Wan, Ming. “The Great Recession and ��󾱲Բ�’s Policy toward Asian Regionalism.” Asian Survey50, 3 (May/June 2010), pp. 520-38.

Wan, Ming. “T��� United States, Japan, and the European Union: Comparing Political Economic Approaches to ��󾱲Բ�.” The Pacific Review 20, 3 (September 2007),pp. 397-421. Posted as Ming Wan, “Engaging China: The Political Economy and Geopolitical Approaches of the United States, Japan and the European ���Ծ��Dz�,” Japan Echo: An Asia Pacific E-Journal, no. 2576 (November17, 2007).

Wan, Ming. “H�ܳ����� Rights Lawmaking in China: Domestic Politics, International Law and International Politics.” Human Rights Quarterly 29, 3 (August 2007), pp. 727-53.

Wan, Ming. “T��Բ����DzԲ� in Recent Sino-Japanese Relations: The May 2002 Shenyang ���Գ������Գ�.” Asian Survey 43, 5 (September/October 2003), pp. 826-44.

Wan, Ming. “H�ܳ����� Rights and U.S.-Japan Relations in Asia: Divergent Allies.” East Asia: An International Quarterly 16, 3/4 (Autumn/Winter 1998), pp. 137-68.

Wan, Ming. “C�󾱲Ա���� Opinion on Human Rights.”Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs42, 3 (Summer 1998), pp. 361-74.

Wan, Ming. “C�󾱲Բ�’s Economic Growth and the Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region.” Asian Survey 38, 4 (April 1998), pp. 365-78.

Wan, Ming. “H�ܳ����� Rights and Sino-U.S. Relations: Policies and Changing ��𲹱����پ����.” The Pacific Review 10, 2 (1997), pp. 237-55.

Wan, Ming. “J���貹�� and the Asian Development �����԰�.” Pacific Affairs 68, 4 (Winter 1995/96), pp. 509-28.

Wan, Ming. ��ٱ��Ի徱�Բ� Strategies in World Politics: How Japan Has Used its Economic Power in the Past Decade.” International Studies Quarterly 39, 1 (March 1995), pp. 85-108. Included in Peter W. Preston, ed., Political Change in East Asia, vol. 1 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 197-220.

Non-refereed Journal Articles

Wan, Ming. “T��� U.S. versus China Models: An Evolutionary �ʱ������𳦳پ�����.” Kokugakuin keizaigaku [The Kokugakuin University Economic Review], vol. 67, no. 1 (September 2018), pp. 113-44.

Wan, Ming. “The Political Economy of U.S.-China Relations and the Trump Administration.” Washington Journal of Modern China, vol. 13 (August 2017), pp. 53-75.

Wan, Ming. “.” The Wilson Quarterly 39, 1 (Winter 2016).

Wan, Ming. “Coevolution and Sino-Japanese Tensions.” Asia-Pacific Review 22, 1 (2014), pp. 30-40.

Wan, Ming. “” The Asan Forum 1, 1 (July/August 2013).

Wan, Ming. “Introduction: Chinese Traditions in International �������پ��DzԲ�.” Journal of Chinese Political Science17, 2 (June 2012), pp. 105-109. Online first, February 25, 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s11366-012-9187-1.

Wan, Ming. “Discourses on Salt and Iron: A First Century B.C. Chinese Debate over the Political Economy of Empire.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 17, 2 (June 2012), pp. 143-163. Online first, February 25, 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s11366-012-9190-6.

Wan, Ming. “J���貹��’s Party Politics and China Policy: The Chinese Fishing Boat Collision ���Գ������Գ�.” The Journal of Social Science(University of Tokyo) 63, 3-4 (December 2011), pp. 95-110.

Wan, Ming. ��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� Relations Adrift in a Changing World.”Asia-Pacific Review 18, 1 (May 2011), pp. 73-83.

Wan, Ming. “C�󾱲Ա���� Security under �ұ��Dz������������پ��Dz�.” Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2, 3 (September 2009), pp. 21-35.

Wan, Ming. “Economics Versus Security in Cross-Strait Relations: A Comment on Kastner.” Journal of East Asian Studies 6, 3 (September-December 2006), pp. 347-49.

Wan, Ming. “T��� Economic Dimension of Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�.” SIIS Journal (Shanghai Institute for International Studies)9, 4 (November 2002), pp. 14-19.

Wan, Ming. “Wealth and Power: The Economic Transformation of Security.” Harvard International Review 18, 2 (Spring 1996), pp. 20-21, pp. 69-70.

Wan, Ming. “Taiwan yu nanhan de jingji �羱�ᾱ”[�ճ�� economic miracle by Taiwan and South Korea], Zhishifenzi [The intellectual] 6, 4 (New York: China Perspective, Summer 1991), pp. 9-17.

Wan, Ming. “T��� Economic Miracle Achieved by South Korea and Taiwan: The Strategies that Fit.” Political Science and International Studies (The Chinese Scholars of Political Science & International Studies, Inc.) (April1991), pp. 39- 59.

Refereed Book Chapters

Wan, Ming and Hong Zhang. “C�󾱲Բ�’s Investment Relations with Japan.” In Ka Zeng, ed. Handbook on the International Political Economy of China (Northampton, MA.: Edward Elgar, 2019), pp. 113-31.

Wan, Ming. “J���貹��-China Relations and the Changing East Asian Regional ��������.” In Yul Sohn and T.J. Pempel eds. Japan and Asia’s Contested Order: The Interplay of Security, Economics, and Identity(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), pp. 221-37.

Iida, Keisuke and Ming Wan. “H�ܳ����� Rights Institutions in ��������.” In Saadia M. Pekkanen, ed. Asian Designs: Governance in the Contemporary World Order (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2016), pp. 161-179.

Wan, Ming. “H�ܳ����� Rights in U.S.-China �������پ��DzԲ�.” In Andrew T.H. Tan, ed. A Handbook of US-China Relations (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publisher, 2016), pp. 122-139.

Wan, Ming. “C�󾱲Բ� and International Cooperation on the Environment: Historical and Intellectual Roots of Chinese Thinking about the Environment.” In G. John Ikenberry, Wang Jisi, and Zhu Feng, eds. The United States, China, and the Struggle for World Order: Ideas, Traditions, Historical Legacies, and Global Visions (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), pp. 275-296.

Wan, Ming. “N���پ��DzԲ��� Identities and Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�.” In Gilbert Rozman, ed. National Identities and Bilateral Relations: Widening Gaps in East Asia and Chinese Demonization of the United States (Stanford: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Stanford University Press, 2013), pp. 65-93.

Wan, Ming. “C�󾱲Բ�’s National Identity in Diplomacy: Noninterference in Internal Affairs.” In Gilbert Rozman, ed. East Asian National Identities: Common Roots and Chinese Exceptionalism (Stanford: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Stanford University Press, 2012), pp. 257-72.

Wan, Ming. “J���貹��-China Relations: Structure or Management?” In Alisa Gaunder, ed. Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics(London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 339-49.

Wan, Ming. “J���貹��ese Strategic Thinking toward Taiwan.” In Gilbert Rozman, Kazuhiko Togo,and Joseph P. Ferguson, eds. Japanese Strategic Thought toward Asia (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp. 159-81.

Wan, Ming. ���𳾴dz��������� and Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Policy: Motivation and Behavior.” In Yong Deng and Fei-Ling Wang, eds. China Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2005), pp. 279-303.

Wan, Ming. “Economic Interdependence and Economic Cooperation: Mitigating Conflict and Transforming Security Order in the Asia-Pacific.” In Muthiah Alagappa, ed. Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), pp. 280-310.

Wan, Ming. “H�ܳ����� Rights and Democracy.” In Yong Deng and Fei-Ling Wang, eds. In the Eyes of the Dragon: China Views the World (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 1999), pp. 97-117.

Wan, Ming. “H�ܳ����� Rights in China 1997: Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy.” In Joseph Y.S. Cheng, ed. China Review 1998 (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1998), pp. 209-33.

Pharr, Susan J. and Ming Wan. “Yen for the Earth: Japan’s Pro-Active China Environment Policy.” In Michael B. McElroy, Chris P. Nielsen, and Peter Lydon, eds. Energizing China: Reconciling Environmental Protection and Economic Growth (Cambridge: Harvard University Committee on the Environment, distributed by Harvard University Press, 1998), pp. 601-38.

Non-refereed Book Chapters

Wan, Ming. “Xinshiji de rizhong guanxi”[Japan-China relations in the new century], in Quansheng Zhao, ed. Riben waijiao yanjiu yu zhongri guanxi-haineiwai huaren xuezhe de shijiao [Studies of Japanese diplomacy and Sino-Japanese relations: perspectives of Chinese scholars] (Taipei: Wunan, 2015), pp. 153-172.

Wan, Ming. “T��� View from Japan.” In Gilbert Rozman, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Korea Economic Institute of America, 2013), pp. 83-96.

Wan, Ming. “T��� Shanghai Cooperation Organization: The Security-Economics Nexus.” In Vinod K. Aggarwal and Kristi Govella, eds. Linking Trade and Security: Evolving Institutions and Strategies in Asia, Europe and the United States (New York: Springer, 2013), pp. 111-33.

Wan, Ming. “T��� China Model and the Great Recession: A Historical Comparison.” In Dali L. Yang, ed. The Great Recession and ��󾱲Բ�’s Political Economy (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), pp. 223-42.

Wan, Ming. “T��� Domestic Political Economy of ��󾱲Բ�’s Preferential Trade Agreements.” In Vinod K. Aggarwal and Seungjoo Lee, eds. Trade Policy in the Asia-Pacific: The Role of Ideas, Interests, and Domestic Institutions (New York: Springer, 2011), pp. 29-48.

Wan, Ming. “Diquzhuyi yaniu [Regionalism].” In Wang Jianwei, ed. Guoji guanxixue [International relations] (Beijing: People’s University Press, 2010), pp. 226-39.

Wan, Ming. “Values and Human Rights in Sino-American �������پ��DzԲ�.” In Yufan Hao, ed. Sino-American Relations: Challenges Ahead (Aldershot: Ashgate,2010), pp. 213- 25.

Wan, Ming. “Zhezhixue yanjiu fangfa [Political science research methods].” In Hua Shiping, ed. Zhezhixue [Political science] (Beijing: People’s University of China Press, 2007), pp. 11-23.

Wan, Ming. ����Ա�ܲ��� wentibenzhishang de bianyuanhua he �澱�Բ����󾱳�ܲ�” [Human rights issue: marginalization and ritualization]. In Hao Yufan and Zhang Yandong, eds. Xianzhixing jiechu bushi zhengfu duihua zhengce zouxiang [Constrained engagement: possible trend of ���ܲ���’s China policy] (Beijing: Xinhua chubanshe, 2001), pp. 393-419.

Wan, Ming. “Policies, Resource Commitments, and Values: A Comparison of U.S. and Japanese Approaches to Human Rights in ��󾱲Բ�.” In John D. Montgomery, ed., Human Rights: Positive Policies in Asia and the Pacific Rim (Hollis, NH: Hollis Publishing Company, 1998), pp. 43-70.

Wan, �Ѿ��Բ�.��ٳ󾱱��ܲ� taiwan de �ɳܲ��󾱷ɲ����ᾱ����” [Taiwan’s pragmatic diplomacy]. In Zhong Yang and Hu Xiaobo, eds. Shiji zhijiao de taihai guanxi [Cross-strait relations toward the 21st century] (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Social Science Press, 1998), pp. 38-53.

Wan, �Ѿ��Բ�.“C��ū���ǰ�� no keizai seicho ga ajia taiheiyo chiikino kankyo to keizai hatten ni ataeru ���Ա貹��ܳٴ�” [The impact of ��󾱲Բ�’s economic growth on the environment and economic development in the Asia-Pacific region]. In Japan Association of International Relations, ed., Niju-isseki seki no nihon ajia sekai [Japan, Asia and the world in the 21st century ] (Tokyo: Kokusai Shoin Publisher, Inc., 1998), pp. 347-63 (trans. Hideo Ohashi).

Book Reviews

Wan, Ming. P. By Mong Cheung (Abingdon: Routledge, 2017). Social Science Japan Journal, vol. 21, no. 2 (Summer 2018). Advance publication April 5, 2018.

Wan, Ming. Sino-Japanese Power Politics: Might, Money, Minds. By Giulio Pugliese and Aurelio Insisa(London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). Pacific Affairs, vol. 90, no. 4 (December 2017), pp. 809-11.

Wan, Ming. Middle Kingdom & Empire of the Rising Sun: Sino-Japanese Relations, Past and Present (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). By June Teufel Dreyer. The Journal of Military History 81, 4 (October 2017), pp. 1162-63.

Wan, Ming. The China Boom: Why China Will Not Rule the World (New York: Columbia University Press,2016). By Ho-fung Hung. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 16, 3 (September 2016), pp. 521-23.

Wan, Ming. Intimate Rivals: Japanese Domestic Politics and a Rising China. By Sheila Smith (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015), Political Science Quarterly 131, 1 (Spring 2016), pp. 190-91.

Wan, Ming. The EU’s Human Rights Dialogue with China: Quiet Diplomacy and its Limits. By Katrin Kinzelbach (London: Routledge, 2015), China Quarterly 221 (March 2015), pp. 252-253.

Wan, Ming. Nationalism and Power Politics in Japan’s Relations with China: A Neoclassical Realist Interpretation. By Lai Yew Meng (London: Routledge, 2014), Journal of Japanese Studies 40, 2 (Summer 2014), pp. 424-27.

Wan, Ming.China Goes Global: The Partial Power. By David Shambaugh (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).International Relations of the Asia- Pacific 14, 2 (May 2014), pp. 328-30.

Wan, Ming. Nicchu kankeishi 1972-2012 I seiji [A History of Japan-China Relations, 1972-2012. Vol. 1 Politics]. Edited by Takahara Akio and Hattori Ryuji (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press,2012). Social Science Japan Journal 17, 1 (Winter 2014), pp. 144-46.

Wan, Ming. Looking for Balance: China, the United States, and Power Balancing in East Asia. By Steve Chan (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012). The China Review, vol. 13, no. 2 (Fall 2013), pp. 157-58.

Wan, Ming.The Search for Reconciliation: Sino-Japanese and German-Polish Relations since World War II. By Yinan He (New Work: Cambridge University Press, 2009).Perspectives on Politics 9, 2 (June 2011), pp. 483-84.

Wan, Ming. Articulating the Sinosphere: Sino-Japanese Relations in Space and Time. By Joshua A. Fogel (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009). Journal of Japanese Studies 36, 1 (Winter 2010), pp. 153-58.

Wan, Ming. Japan’s Relations with China: Facing a Rising Power. Edited by Lam Peng Er (New York: Routledge, 2006), Journal of Japanese Studies34, 1 (Winter 2008), pp. 161-66.

Wan, Ming.Northeast Asia’s Stunted Regionalism: Bilateral Distrust in the Shadow of Globalization. By Gilbert Rozman (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 7, 3 (September 2007), pp. 466-68.

Wan, Ming. Japan Rising: The Resurgence of Japanese Power and Purpose. By Kenneth B. Pyle (New York: Public Affairs, 2007) and Securing Japan:

Tokyo’s Grand Strategy and the Future of East Asia. By Richard J. Samuels (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007), Asia Policy 4 (July 2007), pp. 196-98.

Wan, Ming. The Golden Age of the U.S.-China-Japan Triangle, 1972-1989. Edited by Ezra F. Vogel, Yuan Ming and Tanaka Akihiko (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, distributed by Harvard University Press, 2002), Pacific Affairs 76, 3 (Fall 2003), pp. 448-50.

Encyclopedia Entry

Wan, Ming. “M���� Zedong.” In David P. Forsythe, ed. Encyclopedia of Human Rights, vol. 3 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 462-65.

Other publications

Wan, Ming. “T��� Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Struggle for the East Asian International ��������.” In Chul Chung, Charles E. Morison and Mark Thoma, eds., 2015 Trans-Pacific Intellectual Dialogue. Conference Proceedings 16-02 (Sejong-Si, Korea: The Korea Institute for International Economic Policy and the East-West Center, December 30, 2016), pp. 169-

Wan, Ming. “Rejoinder to William Callahan’s “C�󾱲Բ� Dream” Essay.”The Asan Forum, January 2015.

Wan, Ming. “Contrasting the Chinese and Japanese Views of the South China Sea Disputes.” Proceedings of International Conference on East Sea Disputes (Ho Chi Minh City: Ton Duc Thang University, July 25-26, 2014),pp. 12- 19.

Wan, Ming. “.” The Asan Forum, December 20, 2013, (around 1,500 words each, digital journal).

Wan, Ming. “.” The Asan Forum, November 22, 2013.

Wan, Ming. “.” The Asan Forum, October 18, 2013.

Wan, Ming. “.” The Asan Forum, September 17, 2013.

Wan, Ming. “.” The Asan Forum, August 21, 2013.

Wan, Ming. “.”The Asan Forum, July 9, 2013.

Wan, Ming. “Causes and Prospects for Sino-Japanese Tensions: A Political Analysis.” In Tatsushi Arai, Shihoko Goto and Zheng Wang, eds. C (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Centers for Scholars, July 15, 2013), pp. 29-36.

Wan, Ming. “.” The Tokyo Foundation, November 16, 2012.

Testimony at “T��� Taiwan Relations Act: The Next Twenty-Five �۱𲹰���.” U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations, April 21, 2004.

Wan, Ming. “T��� U.S. Factor in Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�.” Asia Program of Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Asia Program Special Report, No. 113, July 2003, pp. 14-18.

Wan, Ming. “U.��. and Japanese Approaches to Human Rights in ��󾱲Բ�.” Center for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (CAPEC), 91����, CAPEC Faculty Seminar Series: Issues and Perspectives 1, 1 (Spring 1997), pp. 36-47.

Pharr, Susan J. and Ming Wan. “J���貹��’s Leadership: Shaping a New ��������.” In Hideo Sato and I.M. Destler, eds., Leadership Sharing in the New International System: Japan and the United States, Special Research Project on the New International System, University of Tsukuba, Japan, September 1996, pp. 133-70.

Wan, Ming. “A Comparison of Sino-Japanese and Sino-American High-Level Official Contacts since 1972.” US-Japan Program Occasional Paper, 94-15,Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, 1994.

Opinion/Editorials

Colin Dueck and Ming Wan. “.” The National Interest, November 7, 2017. Featured in RealClearPolitcs morning edition, November10, 2017.

Wan, Ming. “.” Newsweek, December 16, 2016.

Wan, Ming. “W��� Doesn’t China Call a Spade a ���貹���?” Point of View, Asahi Shimbun, June 14, 2010.

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPPRESENTATIONS (since 2008)

“A Moderate Phase Transition from Order to Disorder in Asia: The Political Economy of the U.S.-China-Japan Strategic Triangle.” Conference “T��� New Asian Disorder: Diagnosis and Prognosis, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, March 15, 2019.

��ྱ�ڴڱ����Գ���� and Similarities between the U.S. and China Models.” At Kansai University, Osaka, Japan, January 9, 2018.

“J���貹��-China Relations and the Changing Northeast Asian Regional ��������.” Workshop “J���貹�� and the Emerging Regional Order,” Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, February 12, 2017.

“J���貹��ese Direct Investment in China: An Analysis of the Non-Market Business Environment.” International Workshop “New Developments for Japanese and Chinese Firms: Implications for Investment, Trade, and Other Economic Interactions,” jointly hosted by College of Business of Rikkyo University and the Mr. &A Mrs. S.H. Wong Center for the Study of Multinational Corporations, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, December 10, 2016.

“T��� AIIB and the Struggle for the East Asian International ��������.” 2015 EWC/KIEP Conference “Strengthening North Pacific Cooperation,” East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 14-15, 2015.

“T��� China Model Goes Global: Defending the State Abroad and Chickens Come Home to ��ǴDz���.” American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., August 30, 2014 (canceled due to fire).

“Contrasting the Chinese and Japanese Views of the South China Sea Disputes.” International Conference on East Sea Disputes, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, July 25, 2014.

“T��� East Asian Concept of Economic Growth: Growth as National Rejuvenation.” Presented at conference “Growth: Critical Perspectives from ��������,” University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 13, 2013.

���Գٱ���Բ��پ��DzԲ��� Relations Theory and Asian Studies, the 2010��.” Presented at conference “Misjudging the Rise of Asia in the 1970s-2010s: Assessing What International Relations Theory Got Wrong and How Princeton Responded.” Princeton University, April 12, 2013.

“.” Presented at Association for Asian Studies annual conference, San Diego, March 22, 2013.

���Գٱ���Բ��پ��DzԲ��� Relations Theory and Asian Studies, the 2010��.” Presented at workshop “Misjudging Asia: International Relations Theory and Asian Studies over Half a Century.” 91����, February 27, 2013.

“T��� Politics of Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�.” Presented at workshop “C�󾱲Բ�-Japan Dialogue: Beyond the Territorial �پ�����ܳٱ�.” George Mason University, January27, 2013.

“C�󾱲Բ� and International Cooperation on the Environment: Historical and Intellectual Roots of Chinese Thinking about the Environment.” Presented at Conference “U.��., China and Visions of World ��������.” Princeton University, April 13, 2012.

“C�󾱲Բ�’s Shifting Security Interest in the Past Decade: National Identities and Strategic Visions.” Presented at Conference ������ھ��Ծ��Բ� the National Interest in East Asia: Challenges and Opportunities,” Chung-Ang University, Seoul, March 16, 2012.

“T��� Next Step for Sino-Japanese Security �������پ��DzԲ�.” Presented at the Second Japan- China Next Generation Security Dialogue sponsored by the Tokyo Foundation and Peking University, Tokyo, January 29, 2012.

“H�ܳ����� Rights Institutions,” at the workshop “A������ and the Design of Institutions: Theory and Evidence,” University of Tokyo, Tokyo, October 7, 2011.

“J���貹��’s Party Politics and China Policy: The Chinese Fishing Boat Collision Incident,” at the conference ���𳾴dz��������� and Diplomacy in East ��������,” University of Tokyo, Tokyo, September 16, 2011.

“T��� Shanghai Cooperation Organization: The Security-Economics Nexus”, at the workshop “Linking Trade, Traditional Security, and Human Security: Lessons from Europe and the Americas for ��������,” organized by the Berkeley APEC Study Center of University of California, Berkeley, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 11-12, 2011.

“C�󾱲Բ� and International Cooperation on the Environment: Historical and Intellectual Roots of Chinese Thinking about the Environment and Implications for Chinese View of World ��������.” Presented at the MacArthur Foundation’s Asia Security Initiative Workshop “U.��.-China Relations and the World Order”, co-sponsored by the Center for International and Strategic Studies of Peking University and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs of Princeton University. Peking University, Beijing, China, June 10-11, 2011.

“H�ܳ����� Rights Institution in ��������,” workshop Asian Designs: Interests, Identities, and States in External Institutions, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, February 18, 2011 (co-presenter Keisuke Iida of University of Tokyo).

“T��� Shanghai Cooperation ���������Ծ������پ��Dz�,” at the workshop “Linking Trade, Traditional Security and Human Security: Lessons from Europe and the Americas and Implications for ��������,” at University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, December 16-17, 2010.

“E������ Asia and International Relations �ճ��ǰ���,” a book manuscript workshop at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, November 5, 2010.

“T��� China Model and the Great Recession: A Historical ��dz��貹�������Dz�,” at the conference “C�󾱲Բ� and the Great Recession: The Global Financial Crisis and ��󾱲Բ�’s Development,” sponsored by the University of Chicago and Renmin University, Remin University, Beijing, July 30, 2010.

“N���پ��DzԲ��� Identities and Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�,” at the Association for Asian Studies annual meeting, Philadelphia, March 26, 2010.

“C�󾱲Բ� toward East Asian Regionalism under the Global Economic �����������,” International Studies Association Annual Convention, New Orleans, February 19, 2010.

“N���پ��DzԲ��� Identities and Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�,” at East Asian National Identity Workshop, Princeton University, February 4, 2010.

“T��� Chinese Principle of Non-Interference in Internal Affairs: Underlying Interests, National Identities, and Rules of the Game,” at Workshop “C�󾱲Ա���� National Identity,” Princeton University, May 11, 2009.

“A������n Integration: Where Do Human Rights �󾱳�?” at Panel “A������n Integration in Light of Europe’s Experience,” presented at the International Studies Association Annual Convention, New York, February 15, 2009.

“T��� Domestic Politics of ��󾱲Բ�’s Asian Regionalism Policy,” presented at the conference “T��� Evolution of East Asian Regionalism: Ideas, Interests, and Domestic ���Բ��پ��ٳܳپ��DzԲ�” organized by Berkeley APEC Study Center of University of California at Berkeley and Kim Dae-jung Presidential Library of Yonsei University, Berkeley, December 19, 2008.

“Values and Human Rights in U.S.-China �������پ��DzԲ�,” presented at the International Conference in Commemoration of the 30^th Anniversary of Normalization of Sino-U.S. Relations: Sino-U.S. Relations: Problems and �ʰ��Dz���𳦳�,” University of Macau, Macau, December 11, 2008.

“C�󾱲Բ�’s Place in Japanese National Identity,” presentation at Workshop on Japanese National Identity, Princeton University, December 5, 2008.

Keio University-Princeton University Workshop on “E������ Asian National Identities,” Keio University, Tokyo, October 3-4, 2008.

“C�󾱲Ա���� Security under �ұ��Dz������������پ��Dz�.” American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Boston, August 30, 2008.

“Kennedy Comes of Age: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers at 21,” Roundtable, International Studies Association Annual Convention, San Francisco, March 27, 2008.

“E������ Asian Security under Globalization,” presented at “Korea and China: In the Context of East Asian �ٲ�Բ���������,” American University, Korean Association of International Studies, and the Global Forum of Chinese Political Scientists, American University, March 4, 2008.

INVITED TALKS (since 2008)

“How Fukushima Affected Japan’s Climate Policy.”2019 Center for Security Policy Studies Korea Symposium, Songdo, South Korea, May 22, 2019.

“US-China Relations under the Current Administration and the Competition for Regional Hegemony.” One of the two debaters, organized by the Schar School undergraduate student organization, Fairfax, March 29, 2019.

“U.��. Foreign Policy in East Asia and the Pacific,” Discussion with a group of international visitors (Australia, China, Laos, New Zealand, South Korea and Vietnam), International Visitor Leadership Program, State Department, October 30, 2018.

“A Korean Summer.” Panelist for the panel “Faculty Reports from Abroad,” sponsored by Schar School of Policy and Government and Middle East and Islamic Studies Program, October 4, 2018.

“T��� AIIB and the International ��������.” Panelist for the panel “Opportunities and Challenges of Regional Economic Relations in East ��������,” East Asia Policy Association, McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, November 16, 2017.

“Insights and Discussion of Research on East Asia, with Particular Emphasis on the China Model,” at Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, 91����, October 16, 2017.

“T��� North Korean Nuclear Crisis and China,” Debater with Dr. Toshi Yoshihara, Hamilton Society, 91����, September 27, 2017.

“T��� Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Changing International Order,” Asia Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, February13, 2017.

“C�󾱲Բ�’s Foreign Economic Assistance Policy,” Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, December 9, 2016.

“T��� 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and U.S. Relations with East ��������,” panelist at the panel “Foreign Policy and the U.S. Election,” the Schar School, 91����, September 12, 2016.

��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� �������پ��DzԲ�,” Northeast Asia Introductory Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, August 11, 2016.

“E������ Asian ���𳦳ܰ����ٲ�,” Northeast Asia Introductory Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, July 20, 2016.

“H�ܳ����� Rights in US-China �������پ��DzԲ�,” GMU Debate Society, June 30, 2016.

��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� �������پ��DzԲ�,” Northeast Asia Introductory Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, May 18, 2016.

Participant, ���dzܲԻ�ٲ������� with Professor Hu ���Բ����Բ�,” Brookings Institution, May 3, 2016.

“‘Events-Transformed Structures’ for Foreign Policy Analysis,” Panel “T��� Perils of Cultural, Material, and Quantitative �����ٳ�ǻ�dz澱���,” School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs, GMU, April 28, 2016.

“U.��. Pivot and Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�,” at Panel “U.��. Pivot to ��������.” Center for Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation, GMU, April 25, 2016.

��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� �������پ��DzԲ�,” Northeast Asia Introductory Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, February 25, 2016.

“T��� Xi-Ma summit,” Wilson Center Ground Truth Briefings, November 9, 2015. This was a telephone debriefing/analysis for journalists and Woodrow Wilson Center supporters.

��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� �������پ��DzԲ�,” Northeast Asia Introductory Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, October 22, 2015.

“U�Ի������ٲ��Ի徱�Բ� Sino-Japanese Relations: The Event-Transformed Social Structure.” Speaker Series, Center for the Study of Contemporary China, University of Pennsylvania, March 18, 2015.

Panelist, “T��� West versus the Rest: Clash of �ղ����ܱ��?” Workshop ���Գٱ���Բ��پ��DzԲ��� Norms and Values,” Eurasia Group, Washington, D.C., February 11, 2015.

“Current International Relations,” Central Theoretical Council of the Vietnamese Communist Party Central Committee, Hanoi, Vietnam, July 23, 2014.

“East Asian International Relations and Sino-Japanese Relations,” Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam, July 22, 2014.

Debater, “Debate on ����������’s Pivot to Asia: For and Against”, with Dan Blumenthal of the American Enterprise Institute, organized by the Alexander Hamilton Society, 91����, March 20, 2013.

Speaker at the U.S.-China Forum on Capitol Hill “U.��.-China Relations: Long Term Vision and the Next Four Years”, organized by the China Society, Capitol Visitor Center Auditorium, December 12, 2012.

Guest lecture, Sino-Japanese territorial dispute, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Japan, July 9, 2012.

Guest Lecture, Chinese Historical Understanding of the Environment and Sino-U.S. Relations, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, June 11, 2012.

Guest lecture, research design, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, May 10, 2012.

“T��� Next Step for Sino-Japanese Security �������پ��DzԲ�,” at the Tokyo Foundation Forum “J���貹��-China Security Relations in the Era of Power Shift,” Tokyo, January30, 2012.

“T��� China Model from a Global �ʱ������𳦳پ�����.” Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea, August 22, 2011.

“C�dz��貹�����Բ� Japanese and Chinese Aid �ʰ��Dz���������.” Harvard Project for International Relations and Asia 2011 Asia Conference: At the Crossroads: Decisions in a Dynamic Asia, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, August 21, 2011.

“Party Politics, Big Media and Japan’s Foreign Policy: The Chinese Fishing Boat Collision ���Գ������Գ�.” Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, June 16, 2011.

“U.��.-Japan-China Relations after the Hu Visit to the United ���ٲ��ٱ��.” Keynote speech at the symposium U.S.-Japan-China Relations, the Association of Chinese Professors in Japan, Tokyo, February 14, 2011.

“C�󾱲Ա���� Urban Society and Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�,” at a forum on Chinese foreign policy from a domestic perspective, organized by Sasakawa Foundation, Waseda University, Tokyo, January 13, 2011.

��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� �������پ��DzԲ�,” East Asia Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, June 22, 2010.

��پ��Դ�-�����貹�Ա���� �������پ��DzԲ�,” China Intensive Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, May 10, 2010.

“U.��.-China Relations in the East Asian Context.” At the 19^th Washington Seminar “U.��.-China Relations: Strategic Dialogue, Shared Vision for the Next 30 Years,” sponsored by the U.S.-China Peoples Friendship Association, Washington, D.C., April 23, 2010.

“B���������� and China: Requirements for a New Global �ҴDZ�����Բ��Գ���,” at Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets ((IBMEC), Rio de Janeiro, March 18, 2010.

“B���������� and China: Requirements for a New Global �������󾱳ٱ𳦳ٳܰ���,” at Seminar “B����������, China and the Architecture of Global �ҴDZ�����Բ��Գ���,” Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI), Rio de Janeiro, March 17, 2010.

“T��� Chinese Development Model and the Great ��𳦱�������Dz�,” at Panel “Economic Development in the Age of the Global Economic �����������,” 91����, November 11, 2009.

“T��� East Asian Community and Current Sino-Japanese �������پ��DzԲ�,” China Society, Washington, D.C., November 6, 2009.

“C�󾱲Բ�-Japan �������پ��DzԲ�,” East Asia Intensive Seminar, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia, September 1, 2009.

“C�dz��貹�����Բ� Chinese and Japanese Development �Ѵǻ�����,” Senshu University, Japan, July 8, 2009.

“Authoritarianism and Globalization in China,” at Panel “Authoritarian Rule in Comparative Perspective: Origins, Sustenance, �հ����Բ����پ��DzԲ�,” George Mason University, April 29, 2009.

Panelist, Break out session on China, GMU conference “1989:���Ǵǰ쾱�Բ� Back, Looking Forward,” March 25, 2009.

��پ��Դ�-���ڰ��������� Relations: Oil and Human Rights, “A�� Interdisciplinary Symposium on Oil,” Cultural Studies Program, George Mason University, December4, 2008.

Panelist, Seminar “Managing Sino-Japan-U.S. �������پ��DzԲ�”, East-West Center in Washington, Washington, D.C., May 30, 2008.

“C�󾱲Բ�, Human Rights, and Western Media ‘B������’�ĝ At the Seminar “C�󾱲Բ�, Religion and Human Rights” by Religion News writers for a group of journalists going to cover the Olympics in Beijing, National Press Club, May 14, 2008.

��پ��Դ�-���ڰ��������� Relations and Human Rights,” University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, April 1, 2008.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES 

Reviewer for Book and Journal Manuscripts

Book proposals or manuscripts for Addison Wesley Longman, Cambridge University Press, City University Press of Hong Kong, Columbia University Press, Continuum, Edinburgh University Press, Georgetown University Press, Houghton Mifflin, Longman, Lynne Rienner, Oxford University Press, M.E. Sharpe, Palgrave, Prenticehall, Routledge, Stanford University Press, University of Michigan Press, and Yale University Press.

Manuscripts for The American Asian Review, Asian Security, Asian Survey, China Journal, China Quarterly, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Diplomatic History, Europe-Asia Studies, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Human Rights Quarterly, International Affairs, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, International Security, International Studies Quarterly, International Studies Perspectives, Journal of Asian and African Studies, The Journal of Chinese Political Science, Journal of East Asian Studies, Journal of Japanese Studies, The Journal of Politics, Middle East Journal, Pacific Affairs, Pacific Review, Political Research Quarterly, Politics, Problems of Post- Communism, Review of International Political Economy, and Security Studies.

Reviewer for Foundations and Fellowships

Reviewer or review panelist for Competitive Research Funding Schemes, Research Grants Council(Hong Kong), Institute of International Education, the National Science Foundation, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NOW), Council of American Overseas Research Centers (CAORC), the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and Council for Advancement and Support of Education, the Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Harvard University, the France-Berkeley Fund, University of California at Berkeley, and The Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership.

COURSES TAUGHT 

At George Mason University

HNRS 131: Contemporary Society in Multiple Perspectives GOVT 101: Democratic Theory and Practice

GOVT 300: Political Analysis (formerly Govt. 341) GOVT 333: Government and Politics of Asia

GOVT 341: Research Design for International Relations GOVT 343: International Political Economy

GOVT 433: Political Economy of East Asia GOVT 341: Chinese Foreign Policy GOVT 444: Japanese Foreign Policy

GOVT 444: The China Rise and the China Model GOVT 490: Human Rights in International Relations GOVT 490: Environment in International Relations GOVT 490: Migration in International Relations GOVT 490: China and the World

GOVT 540: International Politics GOVT 641: Seminar in Global Systems GOVT 741: Chinese Foreign Policy

GOVT 741: Japanese Foreign Policy

GOVT 741: East Asian International Relations GOVT 743: International Political Economy GOVT 800: PhD Seminar

PUAD 731: International Political Economy 

At Keio University

Chinese Foreign Policy(undergraduate seminar)

East Asian International Relations (graduate seminar)

MEDIA WORK

TV Interviews in English:

, April 26, 2019.

, September 17, 2018

Guest on Circa News (a division of Sinclair that was created for the Millennial), “,” June 6, 2018.

Guest on China Global Television Network America (CGTN America), , November13, 2017 (30 minutes live).The Heat show is CGTN’s flagship current affairs news show.

Guest on Channel NewsAsia(Singapore), the G-7 Summit in Japan, May 25, 2016 (skype).

Guest on CCTV America, The Heat: President �ݾ�’s visits to Vietnam and Singapore, November 13, 2015.
on YouTube.
on YouTube.

Guest on CCTV America, The Heat: ��󾱲Բ�’s role in World War Two, September 2, 2015.
on YouTube.

Guest on the “First Look Asia” primetime news program, Channel NewsAsia (Singapore), Japanese Prime Minister Abe ���󾱲Գ���’s visit to the U.S., April29, 2015 (Skype interview).

Guest on the “Between the �����Ա��” program, Channel NewsAsia (Singapore), Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter, U.S. foreign policy and Asia (two 12-minute segments), February 26, 2015.

, April 30, 2015.

Guest on the “First Look Asia” primetime news program, Channel NewsAsia (Singapore), Japanese Prime Minister Abe ���󾱲Գ���’s visit to the U.S., April29, 2015 (Skype interview).

Guest on the “Between the �����Ա��” show, Channel NewsAsia (Singapore), Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter, U.S. foreign policy and Asia (two 12-minutesegments), February 26, 2015 (Skype interview).

Guest on CCTV America, the end of the Sino-Japanese War, September 4, 2014.

Interviewed by Vietnam News Agency Television, on the South China Sea dispute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, July 25, 2014.

Panel guest on CCTV America, , April24, 2014.
on YouTube.

Guest on Channel News Asia (Singapore), Malaysian Airline Flight 370, March 25, 2014 (by phone).

Guest on Channel News Asia (Singapore), China’s new air defense identification zone, November 26, 2013 (Skype interview).

, February22, 2013.

January 30, 2013.

Guest on The NewsHour of PBS, “What Spurred Crackdowns on Chinese Press and Internet Media,” January 8, 2013.

, September 19, 2012.

Guest on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer of PBS on President ����������’s visit to China, November 16, 2009. Taped.

Guest on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer of PBS, “C�󾱲Բ� Rolls Out Security Crackdown Ahead of Olympics”, August 5, 2008.

Guest on The News Hourwith Jim Lehrer of PBS, “C�󾱲Բ�’s response to the earthquake”, May 14, 2008.

Guest on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer of PBS on the Dalai Lama, October17, 2007. Guest on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer of PBS on ��󾱲Բ�’s influence on Burma, October 2, 2007.

Guest on CNN World Newsroom on the North Korean nuclear test, October 19, 2006. Guest on BBC World News Today on the North Korean nuclear test, October 18, 2006. Guest on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer of PBS, “C�󾱲Բ� Limits' Extreme Sanctions' for North ���ǰ���”, October 13, 2006.

Guest on “N������ٱ��� Business Report” of PBS on Chinese President Hu Jintao’s visit to the U.S., April 19, 2006.

Guest on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer of PBS on the Chinese Communist Party meeting, October 11, 2005 (8 minutes live television).

Guest on C-Span “W�����󾱲Բ��ٴDz� ���dzܰ��Բ���” Show on North Korea, October 10, 2004 (30 minutes live TV).

Guest on “O�� the �����Ա�” of Voice of America on ��󾱲Բ�’s change, February 24, 2004 (25 minutes taped TV and radio).

Guest on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer of PBS, “North Korea nuclear crisis,” August 29, 2003 (12 minutes live television).

Guest on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer of PBS on SARS in China, April28, 2003 (10 minutes live television).

Guest on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer of PBS on the North Korean nuclear crisis, January 7, 2003 (12 minutes live television).

Guest on “C���辱�ٲ��� Region Roundtable” of GMU TV on “c�DzԳپ��Գܾ��Բ� military support for Japan,” February 9, 2001 (30 minute tape).

Guest on C-SPAN on a special program “A Visit to China,” January 23, 1998 (45 minutes live TV).

TV Interviews in Chinese

Interviewed by The Christian Broadcasting Network, Taiwan’s new president, May 25, 2016.

, April 30, 2015.

Appeared 101 times since February 1998 at the live TV shows of Voice of America, including “C�󾱲Բ� Forum,” “Strait �ղ�����,” “Pro and Con,” and “Issues and ���辱�Ծ��DzԲ�”.

Radio Interviews

Interviewed frequently by Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, BBC, and Deutsche Welle. Have also been interviewed by ABC Radio, Danish Broadcasting Corporation, Radio Sputnik, WMAL Washington, and Press Television of Iran.

Print Interviews

Have been interviewed or cited by Asia Times Online, the Atlantic, Central News Daily (Taiwan), Gazeta Wyborcza (Poland), Joongang Iibo (Korea), Los Angeles Times, Newsweek Japan, Reuters World Wire, Shijie ribao (Taiwan), Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, Weekly Diamond (Japan), Wen hui bao (Shanghai).